Model of a Spring Triticale Cultivar Adapted to Conditions in the Far East
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RODUCTION
Model of a Spring Triticale Cultivar Adapted to Conditions in the Far East K. V. Zenkinaa and T. A. Aseevaa, * a
Far East Research Institute of Agriculture, Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vostochny settlement, Khabarovsk raion, 680521 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 3, 2020; revised February 25, 2020; accepted February 29, 2020
Abstract—The optimum model of a spring triticale cultivar adapted for the soil and climatic conditions of the Far East has been developed. A comparative study of the basic structural components of productivity, the most important economically valuable traits, and grain quality has been carried out using collection and standard cultivars of this crop as well as the standard cultivars of spring triticale (cv. Ukro) and spring soft wheat (cv. Khabarovchanka). Based on climatic characteristics of the region, a model of a promising spring triticale cultivar for grain-fodder purposes has been developed. The genotype of this cultivar should provide high productivity, large grain size, resistance to lodging and fungal diseases, and ecological adaptability to a range of agrometeorological conditions of the growing season. The involvement of selected sources and donors into a breeding process will make it possible to effectively create a new hybrid and breeding material of spring triticale with potentially high productivity suitable for the agroecological conditions of the region. Keywords: spring triticale, yield, structural elements, productivity, lodging resistance, breeding, cultivar model, Far East region DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420040205
INTRODUCTION Creation of new cultivars and hybrids of cereals and their use in a crop rotation is one of the important tasks intended to solve the problems of adaptive agriculture [1]. Triticale is a new botanical species; it was obtained at the end of the 19th century by a hybridization of wheat and rye [2]. The grain of this crop is characterized by an increased content of proteins, lysine, and starch that provides its improved nutritive value [3]. In the future, this crop will be possibly cultivated everywhere as one of the most important grain and fodder crops [4]. Use of triticale in breadmaking would increase the nutritive value of bakery products and solve the problem of rye flour deficiency, i.e., increasing the number of possible sources of raw materials for baking [5]. Triticale has a wide genetic basis for adaptability and is well adapted to bio-based agriculture, which is very important for solving problems of agriculture’s adaptive intensification [6]. Studies of a global triticale gene pool performed in different geographical points of Russia and an intensive breeding work of scientists show good prospects in the creation of new cultivars of this crop [7]. Breeding programs should be oriented to the maximum use of favorable environmental factors and obtaining of cultivars resistant to those stressors that are mainly responsible for limitation of the yield quantity and
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