Modeling Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport
In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use, and contamination. To face the challenge, good planning and management practices are needed. A key to the management of groundwater is the ab
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Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media Series Editor: Jacob Bear: Department of of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and School of Engineering, Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee, Israel
Volume 23
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6612
Modeling Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport by
Jacob Bear Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and School of Engineering, Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee, Israel
and
Alexander H.-D. Cheng Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Prof. Dr. Jacob Bear Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Dept. Civil & Environmental Engineering 32000 Haifa Israel [email protected]
Dr. Alexander H.-D. Cheng University of Mississippi Dept. Civil Engineering P.O.Box 1848 University MS 38677-1848 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4020-6681-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6682-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6682-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938711 c Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xi
List of Main Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Groundwater in Water Resources Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Hydrological cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Surface water versus groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.3 Characteristics of groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Functions of aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.5 Subsurface contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.6 Sustainable yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Modeling concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Modeling process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.3 Model use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Continuum Approach to Transport in Porous Media . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Phases, chemica
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