Modeling hydrate-bearing sediment with a mixed smoothed particle hydrodynamics
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Modeling hydrate‑bearing sediment with a mixed smoothed particle hydrodynamics C. Huang1,2,3,4,5 · M. B. Liu2,3,4 Received: 24 November 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Marine gas hydrate is an important energy source while its extraction may induce environmental problems such as subsea landslide, which is usually challengeable for numerical simulation due to the marine environment with high pressure and the existence of gas hydrate. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian particle method which is attractive in modeling problems with large deformations and fluid–solid interactions (FSI) for continuum and granular materials. However, the conventional SPH suffers from numerical instability when modeling the soil mechanics with the high confining stress. A mixed SPH is developed in this study to simulate hydrate-bearing sediment with the characteristics of high confining stress. In the mixed SPH model, the conventional SPH is used to discretize the momentum equations, and the kernel gradient correction (KGC) SPH is used to discretize strain and spin rate tensors. In order to consider the effect of hydrate saturation on the strength of soil-hydrate material, an existing linear model is applied into the mixed SPH to define the mechanic parameters of soil-hydrate material. The mixed SPH method is validated by several examples and the obtained numerical results are in close agreement with experimental observations. Finally, the mixed SPH method is used to model landslide of hydrate bearing sediments. The results show that the saturation of hydrate has important impact on the stability of hydrate bearing sediments. Keywords Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) · Meshless method · Marine gas hydrate · Mechanical properties · Numerical simulation
1 Introduction Marine gas hydrate is one of the important sources for the energy extraction in the future. Methane hydrate (MH) is ice-like compounds formed by trapping a large amount of methane within a crystal structure of water under high * M. B. Liu [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
2
BIC‑ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3
Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
4
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
5
School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei Province 056006, China
pressure and low temperature. There are many uncertainties in the process of hydrate extraction, especially related to the ground deformation and submarine landslides caused by dissociation [1]. The saturation of hydrate continues to decrease in the process of hydrate extraction, and the decrease of saturation directly affects physical properties of hydrate bearing sediments, especially for the mechanical properties [2, 3]. Hydrat
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