Modeling natural bentonite, thermal-modified bentonite and iron-modified bentonite with artificial neural network, sorpt
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Modeling natural bentonite, thermal‑modified bentonite and iron‑modified bentonite with artificial neural network, sorption kinetics and sorption isotherms for simulated sorption tetracycline R. S. Alkizwini1 · S. S. Alquzweeni2 Received: 4 June 2020 / Revised: 21 October 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract In this research, modification for the natural bentonite clay was achieved using thermal activation and iron modification. The ability of different adsorbents (natural bentonite, thermal-activated bentonite and iron-modified bentonite) in removing tetracycline from contaminated water was examined utilizing artificial neural network consisting of three layers and 315 batch experiments. The analysis of sensitivity proved that iron-modified bentonite had more influence in the present sorption process with relative importance of 28.67%. To study equilibrium isotherm and adsorption kinetic, two models were used which were pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations, and Freundlich and Langmuir models. The best input for Langmuir model was iron-modified bentonite as well as the equilibrium data of natural bentonite, while thermalmodified bentonite was indicated using the Freundlich model. For the three adsorbents, the adsorption kinetic associated with the pseudo-second-order equation was used. Keywords Adsorption · Artificial neural network · Iron-modified bentonite · Natural bentonite · Tetracycline · Thermalmodified bentonite
Introduction According to Hokkanen et al. (2018), more than four billions individuals have no safe sanitation and more than two billions have no access to clean water supply nowadays. Significant health issues have been raised because of the arbitrary discard of contaminants into the environment. Hence, the requirement of suitable clean water has been rising globally. According to Word Health Organization (1997), water polluted with pharmaceutical compounds represented a serious concern. Pharmaceuticals are an arising pollutants that presented in the environment in minimal percentage and negative my influence the ecosystem and health; for example, the formation of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics and Editorial responsibility: J Aravind. * S. S. Alquzweeni [email protected] 1
Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babel, Iraq
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babel, Iraq
2
resistance genes in the water system (Singh et al. 2019). In domestic wastewater, pharmaceutical typically presents in the content of a range from 100 to 10 μg L −1, while it may −1 range between 100 and 500 mg L in the effluents of hospitals and pharmaceutical factories (Cetecioglu et al. 2013). As a consequence, the efficient discard and monitoring of these substances can stabilize water treatment significantly. Tetracyclines (TCs) that involve oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and tetracycline (TC) represent a type of broad-sp
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