Modeling of Liquid Steel/Slag/Argon Gas Multiphase Flow During Tundish Open Eye Formation in a Two-Strand Tundish
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MODELING transient multiphase turbulent flows is a difficult task. Steelmaking and continuous casting operations mostly deal with these kinds of flows. The major fluids involved are the bulk liquid phase, the overlying slag phase, an inert gas such as argon, and the surrounding air from the atmosphere. The most challenging task is to model the interaction between various phases. The liquid steel/argon gas interaction can be modeled using the discrete phase modeling (DPM) approach,[1] while the volume of fluid (VOF)[2] model is a proven method to efficiently track the liquid steel/
SAIKAT CHATTERJEE is with the Process Metallurgy and Modeling Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada; and also with the MN Dastur & Co (P) Ltd, P-17 Mission Row Extension, Kolkata 700013, India. Contact e-mail: [email protected] DONGHUI LI is with the Process Metallurgy and Modeling Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto. KINNOR CHATTOPADHYAY is with the MN Dastur & Co (P) Ltd, P-17 Mission Row Extension; and also with the Process Metallurgy and Modeling Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto. Manuscript submitted March 15, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
slag interphase. The tundish open eye (TOE) model developed earlier for two-strand slab caster tundish[3,4] considered only the two-phase liquid steel/argon gas interaction, while the overlying slag layer was not considered. Various researchers[5–12] have examined the effect of overlying slag phase and suggested that the variation in properties of the slag phase, such as thickness, viscosity, and density, can have a significant effect on the open eye area, both in ladles and tundishes. Mazumdar and Guthrie[11] reported on the input energy dissipation by an upper buoyant phase in gas-stirred ladle systems. They mentioned that several factors, such as thickness of the slag layer and its properties, including viscosity and density, significantly affect the exposed eye areas. A thicker slag phase would result in the formation of a smaller exposed eye. Similarly, a highly viscous slag phase would tend to dissipate more energy due to frictional effects and viscous dissipation within, resulting in a smaller slag eye opening. Krishnapisharody and Irons[9,12] and Chatterjee and Chattopadhyay[6] developed macroscopic models considering the slag phase to examine the behavior of the open eyes in ladles and tundishes, respectively. Peranandhanthan and Mazumdar[10] and Chatterjee and Chattopadhyay[5] performed quite a few experiments by varying different properties of the slag phase to see their effect on the open eye areas. Their models showed a strong effect of varying slag properties on the eye area and reproduced experimental data reasonably well. These results suggest that it is
Table I. Physical Properties and Operational Parameters Used in the Multiphase (Liquid Steel/
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