Modelling tyramine extraction from wastewater using a non-dispersive solvent extraction process
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Modelling tyramine extraction from wastewater using a non-dispersive solvent extraction process Mahdi Ghadiri 1,2 & Alireza Hemmati 3 & Ali Taghvaie Nakhjiri 4 & Saeed Shirazian 5,6 Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wastewater effluent from alkaloid processing plants has the potential adverse environmental influences. Mathematical modelling and simulations were carried out using computational fluid dynamics of mass and momentum transfer in a hollow fibre membrane extractor. Conservation equations were derived for tyramine extraction in the membrane extractor and solved based on the finite element method. Model findings based on the computational fluid dynamics validated well with the experimental data. The results showed that increase in organic-phase flow rate, as well as the fibre length and its porosity, has a positive impact on the performance of the extractor, whereas the enhancement of aqueous-phase flow rate led to the reduction of tyramine extraction. Keywords Extraction . Membranes . Tyramine . Modelling . Simulation
Introduction Amino acids are considered important chemicals in the production of feed additives, flavour materials, medicine, and so on (Zhang et al. 2016). Global amino acid market size is anticipated to be valued at USD 35.4 billion by 2022. There is an increase in animal feed additives’ demand because of the increase in meat consumption. Shift in trend towards dietary supplement Responsible Editor: Angeles Blanco * Mahdi Ghadiri [email protected] * Saeed Shirazian [email protected] 1
Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
3
School of Chemical Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
6
The Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
consumption for protein intake coupled with rising health consciousness among consumers is expected to drive the market (Insights 2015; Leuchtenberger et al. 2005). Tyramine is a biogenic trace amine generated by amino acid tyrosine decarboxylation. Tyramine can be found in various foods such as meats, aquatic and fermented products, and other products. High levels of tyramine can cause medical problems, like migraine, cardiac failure, and brain haemorrhage (Andersen et al. 2018). One of the most important resources for production of amino acids is protein acid hydrolytes. However, amino acid production from this material resulted in a large quantity of wastewater. The generated wastewater still contains a significant amount of highly useful and valuable materials such as tyramine (Holkar et al. 2018; Xu et al.
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