Modelling Urban Tree Growth and Ecosystem Services: Review and Perspectives
Climate change in combination with increasing urbanization is a major challenge for our cities. Ecosystem services from the urban green play a significant role in mitigating the negative effects. Urban tree growth models are appropriate tools for the quan
- PDF / 1,361,504 Bytes
- 60 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 118 Downloads / 280 Views
Contents 1 Objectives of Growth Models for Urban Trees 1.1 Tree Growth and Dimensional Changes 1.2 Ecosystem Services of Urban Trees 1.3 Influence of Present and Future Climate Conditions and Changed Environments 2 Growth Model Principles and Allometric Relationships 3 Modelling Tree Allometry 3.1 Tree Shape as a Result of Inner and Outer Determinants 3.2 The Allometric Concept 3.3 The Allometric Corridor 3.4 Tree Allometry 3.5 Growing Area and Growing Space Requirement 3.6 Link Between Tree Allometry and Growth 4 Urban Tree Growth Models 4.1 UFORE Model 4.2 i-Tree Model 4.3 CITYgreen Model 4.4 CityTree Model 4.5 UrbTree Model 4.6 Further Urban Forest Models 5 Model Comparisons 5.1 Model Aims and Base Characteristics 5.2 Demands on Input Data 5.3 Calculations and Simulation Outputs 6 Discussion and Conclusions 6.1 Mortality
T. Rötzer (*), A. Moser-Reischl, and H. Pretzsch Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany e-mail: [email protected] M. A. Rahman and S. Pauleit Chair of Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany R. Grote Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Progress in Botany, https://doi.org/10.1007/124_2020_46
T. Rötzer et al. 6.2 Nutrient Cycles and Nutrient Supply 6.3 Fructification 6.4 Other Influences 6.5 Selection of an Appropriate Model References
Abstract Climate change in combination with increasing urbanization is a major challenge for our cities. Ecosystem services from the urban green play a significant role in mitigating the negative effects. Urban tree growth models are appropriate tools for the quantification of ecosystem services in some cases in dependence of the plant growth dynamics and of the changing environment. We report about the state of the art in modelling urban tree growth and ecosystem services and describe the background of urban tree growth and the provision of ecosystem services. Furthermore, we present basic growth model principles and describe and compare existing urban tree growth models. Finally we discuss the use of urban tree growth models, uncover advantages and disadvantages of the single urban tree growth models and indicate current limitations and future venues in modelling. Keywords Climate change, Tree species, Urban green, Urban planning, Urban tree growth models
1 Objectives of Growth Models for Urban Trees Ecosystem services (ES) of the urban green can also mitigate climate change impacts of cities. Thus, green spaces and especially trees in cities are essential for sustainable and climate-resilient urban futures. They enhance the provision of ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, reduction of the urban heat island effect, storm water management, improvement of air quality, cultural values and aesthetics, and thus support human health and well-being. It is a challenge, however, to quantify these ecos
Data Loading...
