Models and Inferences in Science

The book answers long-standing questions on scientific modeling and inference across multiple perspectives and disciplines, including logic, mathematics, physics and medicine. The different chapters cover a variety of issues, such as the role models play

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Emiliano Ippoliti Fabio Sterpetti Thomas Nickles Editors

Models and Inferences in Science

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics Volume 25

Series editor Lorenzo Magnani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Atocha Aliseda Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, Mexico Giuseppe Longo Centre Cavaillès, CNRS—Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France Chris Sinha Lund University, Lund, Sweden Paul Thagard Waterloo University, Waterloo, ON, Canada John Woods University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

About this Series Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics (SAPERE) publishes new developments and advances in all the fields of philosophy, epistemology, and ethics, bringing them together with a cluster of scientific disciplines and technological outcomes: from computer science to life sciences, from economics, law, and education to engineering, logic, and mathematics, from medicine to physics, human sciences, and politics. It aims at covering all the challenging philosophical and ethical themes of contemporary society, making them appropriately applicable to contemporary theoretical, methodological, and practical problems, impasses, controversies, and conflicts. The series includes monographs, lecture notes, selected contributions from specialized conferences and workshops as well as selected Ph.D. theses.

Advisory Board A. Abe, Chiba, Japan H. Andersen, Copenhagen, Denmark O. Bueno, Coral Gables, USA S. Chandrasekharan, Mumbai, India M. Dascal, Tel Aviv, Israel G.D. Crnkovic, Västerås, Sweden M. Ghins, Lovain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Guarini, Windsor, Canada R. Gudwin, Campinas, Brazil A. Heeffer, Ghent, Belgium M. Hildebrandt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands K.E. Himma, Seattle, USA M. Hoffmann, Atlanta, USA P. Li, Guangzhou, P.R. China G. Minnameier, Frankfurt, Germany M. Morrison, Toronto, Canada Y. Ohsawa, Tokyo, Japan S. Paavola, Helsinki, Finland W. Park, Daejeon, South Korea

A. Pereira, São Paulo, Brazil L.M. Pereira, Caparica, Portugal A.-V. Pietarinen, Helsinki, Finland D. Portides, Nicosia, Cyprus D. Provijn, Ghent, Belgium J. Queiroz, Juiz de Fora, Brazil A. Raftopoulos, Nicosia, Cyprus C. Sakama, Wakayama, Japan C. Schmidt, Le Mans, France G. Schurz, Dusseldorf, Germany N. Schwartz, Buenos Aires, Argentina C. Shelley, Waterloo, Canada F. Stjernfelt, Aarhus, Denmark M. Suarez, Madrid, Spain J. van den Hoven, Delft, The Netherlands P.-P. Verbeek, Enschede, The Netherlands R. Viale, Milan, Italy M. Vorms, Paris, France

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10087

Emiliano Ippoliti Fabio Sterpetti Thomas Nickles •

Editors

Models and Inferences in Science

123

Editors Emiliano Ippoliti Dipartimento di Filosofia Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Thomas Nickles Department of Philosophy University of Nevada Reno, NV USA

Fabio Sterpetti Dipartimento di Filosofia Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

ISSN 2192-6255 ISSN 2192-6263 (electronic) Studies in Applied Philo