Modified types of orbital exenteration, survival, and reconstruction

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OCULOPLASTICS AND ORBIT

Modified types of orbital exenteration, survival, and reconstruction Sven Holger Baum 1

&

Michael Oeverhaus 2 & Franziska Saxe 2 & Christopher Mohr 1

Received: 16 March 2020 / Revised: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Purpose This study aims to analyse the various modifications of orbital exenteration. Methods Patients undergoing orbital exenteration from March 1978 to October 2019 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were evaluated on the basis of the indication, type of exenteration, reconstruction technique, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results In total, 300 patients were enrolled in this study. As many as 24 patients had lid and conjunctiva sparing anterior exenteration, 16 had lid sparing anterior exenteration, 83 had anterior exenteration, 14 had lid and conjunctiva sparing total exenteration, seven had lid sparing total exenteration, 44 had total exenteration, one had lid and conjunctiva sparing extended exenteration, 23 had lid sparing extended exenteration, and 88 had extended exenteration. As many as 39 patients had a primary wound closure. Six patients underwent reconstruction with a split-thickness skin graft, 177 patients with a local or regional flap, and 40 patients with a microvascular flap. A total of 38 patients did not undergo reconstruction. The mean follow-up was 40 months (range 6–216 months). The OS rate was 82.2% after 1 year, 58.5% after 5 years, and 49% after 10 years for all patients with malignant tumours. The DFS rate was 67.7% after 1 year, 45.6% after 5 years, and 31.7% after 10 years. Conclusion Individual types of orbital exenteration allow patient-adapted therapies. The preservation of uninvolved orbital tissue facilitates orbital reconstruction. The type of exenteration did not have any influence on overall survival. Keywords Exenteration . Orbit . Reconstruction . Rehabilitation . Survival

Introduction Orbital exenteration is a mutilating procedure for the patient. Nevertheless, the intervention is curative if the indication is correct [1]. Malignant tumours of the eyelids and the conjunctiva, such as squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas; tumours of the eye; tumours of the orbit; and tumours of the lacrimal gland represent the most common indication for exenteration [2]. In addition, non-malignant diseases may be the cause of an exenteration in rare cases [3, 4]. The goal of oncological surgery is primarily the long-term absence of recurrence. In addition, reconstructive

* Sven Holger Baum [email protected] 1

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Henricistr. 92, 45136 Essen, Germany

2

Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

interventions are an important part of the therapy to reintegrate patients from an aesthetic, functional, and psychological point of view into society [5]. These include orbital