Molecular behavior assessment on initial stages of oil spill in terrestrial environments
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Molecular behavior assessment on initial stages of oil spill in terrestrial environments Julian E. B. Castiblanco 1 & Jhonattas C. Carregosa 1 & Jandyson M. Santos 2 & Alberto Wisniewski Jr 1 Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The contamination of terrestrial environments by oil spills creates biological risks to humans and affects the ecosystem’s health. The studies that aim to evaluate the toxicity and changes in the environments are a field of potential interest to the scientific community. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the chemical composition of crude oil fractions after the simulation of a spill in soil and sand, with emphasis on an immediate temporal investigation. Samples of intermediate (°API = 27.0) and heavy (°API = 20.9) oils from Sergipe-Alagoas basin were used. The evaporation process in the soil was highlighted; while the GC-FID chromatographic profiles demonstrated (1) the disappearance from n-C12 until n-C14 compounds, besides a decrease of more than 50% in n-C15 and n-C16 n-alkanes and (2) no changes in n-C17/Pr and n-C18/Ph ratios for both oils. Analysis of resins fraction performed by Orbitrap-MS has shown changes in the mass spectra profile and compound distribution during the soil and sand exposure process, with N1, O1, and O2 species showing changes in the relative abundance in ESI(+) mode, and O2, N1, and O1 for ESI(−). Changes in polar compounds of oil will depend on the extent of the time of interaction with soil and sand, taking into account intrinsic aspects, such as the nature of the soil and components in it as the organic matter. Keywords Oil spill . Terrestrial environment . SARA . FT-MS . Molecular changes . Chemical behavior . Polar compound distribution
Introduction Petroleum production and commercialization are macroprocesses that encompass multiple stages, such as exploration, dehydration, refining, and transportation to the consumer. At these stages, the likelihood of oil and soil contamination is high, and it is recognized as a global problem, endangering human and ecosystem health’s. The evaluation of oil spill toxicity in the soil is a matter of great concern to the scientific community, whose focus is to investigate its negative effects and propose viable environmental remediation methods (Finkel 2018; Jung et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2017). Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Alberto Wisniewski, Jr [email protected] 1
Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group (PEB), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-00, Brazil
2
Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds, which can be classified into four fractions: saturated, aromatic, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA), these are the determining factors for choosing the remediation method and assessing environmental haz
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