Molecular Determinants of Radiation Response
The DNA of mammalian cells is constantly under assault from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Ionizing radiation is one of the most important sources of genomic injury because of its ability to inflict substantial cellular damage that is both t
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Series Editor Wafik El-Deiry
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Theodore L. DeWeese Marikki Laiho ●
Editors
Molecular Determinants of Radiation Response
Editors Theodore L. DeWeese Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 North Broadway Suite 1440 Baltimore, MD 21231 USA [email protected]
Marikki Laiho Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21231 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-8043-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-8044-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8044-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011922499 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Every day, mammalian cells accumulate an estimated 100,000 lesions in their DNA resulting from exposure to reactive oxygen species, chemical deterioration of their bases, and exposure to exogenous agents such as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. Cells have evolved complex response mechanisms to recognize and repair this injury in order to maintain genomic integrity in the face of this unrelenting assault. The study of DNA damage response has a long and storied history beginning in the 1940s by scientists like Albert Kelner and Renato Dulbecco. Their work revealed the existence of enzymatic photoreactivation and ultimately laid the foundation for the idea that cells respond to DNA damage and that DNA damage repair does exist. Since that time and with the development of sophisticated molecular techniques, an evolving story regarding the cellular response to DNA injury and its importance has emerged. The spectrum of diseases that have benefited from this contemporary research effort is broad and includes virtually all fields where genotoxic stress from oxidative injury, radiation insult, and chemical exposure plays a role in disease initiation, evolution, and treatment. One of the most important areas where these modern studies have had an impact is in the area of cancer biology. Through these studies, we now have a firmer grasp on the molecular response of the cell to DNA injury and how these responses influe
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