Monitoring of soybean biodiesel based on the one-dimensional photonic crystals comprising porous silicon
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Monitoring of soybean biodiesel based on the one‑dimensional photonic crystals comprising porous silicon Hussein A. Elsayed1 · Ahmed Mehaney1 Received: 19 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract In this research, a one-dimensional photonic crystal sensor for detecting soybean biodiesel is presented theoretically. The proposed sensor is composed of two alternating layers of Si and SiO2 with a defect layer of porous silicon immersed in the middle of this photonic crystal structure. The complete configuration of the proposed soybean photonic crystal sensor will be as [(Si/SiO2)5 (PSi) (Si/SiO2)5]. Thereby, a resonant peak is generated within the photonic band gap. This peak could be shifted downwards or upwards shorter or longer wavelengths due to any change in the concentration of soybean biodiesel. Therefore, the detection process could be investigated based on such variation. Also, the effects of many parameters, such as thickness of the porous silicon layer and temperature on the performance of our design are considered. In this regard, numerical results investigated high sensitivity and efficiency as well for the proposed soybean photonic crystal sensor. Keywords Photonic crystals · Biodiesel · Soybean · Defect mode · Sensor · Porous silicon
Introduction In the last three decades, the propagation of electromagnetic waves through photonic crystals (PCs) is widely discussed over design and fabrication levels (Elsayed et al. 2014; Dalmis et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2019; Segovia-Chaves and Vinck-Posada 2019a; Aly and ElSayed 2017; Xing-hu et al. 2015; Elsayed 2018a; Aly et al. 2015). The nature of design and fabrication of PCs gives rise to appearance of photonic band gaps (PBGs) and photon localization as well (Abd El-Aziz et al. 2019; Elsayed and Mehaney 2019; Qiu et al. 2020; Ahmed and Mehaney 2019). PCs as artificial structures are prepared based on the presence of periodicity through the permittivities of their constituent materials (Elsayed et al. 2014; Dalmis et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2019; Segovia-Chaves and Vinck-Posada 2019a; Aly and ElSayed 2017; Xing-hu et al. 2015; Elsayed 2018a; Aly et al. 2015; Abd El-Aziz et al. 2019; Elsayed and Mehaney 2019; Qiu et al. 2020; Ahmed and Mehaney 2019). In particular, PCs could be designed or fabricated in one, two or three dimensions. However, one dimensional (1D) PCs are widely * Hussein A. Elsayed [email protected] 1
TH‑PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
investigated due to their simplicity through design and fabrication procedures. PBGs are stop wavelength bands that could confine the propagation of incident radiation of specified frequencies (Elsayed et al. 2014; Dalmis et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2019; Segovia-Chaves and Vinck-Posada 2019a; Aly and ElSayed 2017; Xing-hu et al. 2015; Elsayed 2018a; Aly et al. 2015; Abd El-Aziz et al. 2019; Elsayed and Mehaney 2019; Qiu et al. 2020; Ahmed and Mehaney 2019). Bragg’s scattering repr
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