Monkey Health Is a Team Sport
In today’s increasingly complex world, a more robust approach is needed to combat the dynamic nature of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. This is certainly the case where monkeys and neglected diseases (NDs), defined in this volume as diseases
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Monkey Health Is a Team Sport Tiffany M. Wolf, Jessica R. Deere, Marissa S. Milstein, Christopher A. Shaffer, and Dominic A. Travis
Abstract In today’s increasingly complex world, a more robust approach is needed to combat the dynamic nature of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. This is certainly the case where monkeys and neglected diseases (NDs), defined in this volume as diseases not well studied in monkeys, are concerned. The diversity of monkey species and their behavioral ecology, the pathogens to which they are susceptible, and the number of potential interfaces for transmission, both intraand interspecies, demands the integration of disparate disciplines to address this “Grand Challenge.” Thus, this subject matter provides a case statement for the development of new “team science” approaches. In this chapter, we briefly explore how the diversity of pathogens, monkey hosts, and ecological drivers of disease transmission require the development of diverse research teams. With this need established, we review terminology and basic approaches to the development of multidisciplinary research that, when employed in an ecosystem health context, provides an approach to characterizing and/or optimizing risks associated with diseases in monkeys. Keywords Interdisciplinary · Team science · Ecosystem health · Infectious disease transmission · Complexity · Pathogen · Multidisciplinary · Zoonotic · Biosentinels · Translational · Transmission routes · Host specificity · Morbidity · Mortality · Epidemic · Diversity · Neglected diseases
T. M. Wolf (*) · J. R. Deere · M. S. Milstein · D. A. Travis Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA e-mail: [email protected] C. A. Shaffer Anthropology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 S. Knauf, L. Jones-Engel (eds.), Neglected Diseases in Monkeys, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52283-4_3
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Introduction
In 2005, Parkes et al. wrote a convincing argument for the increased need for multidisciplinarity in infectious disease research (Parkes et al. 2005). Historically, at the start of the twentieth century, western European thought relied primarily on two disciplines to explain and control infectious diseases: microbiology and epidemiology. They concluded that in today’s increasingly complex world, a more robust approach is needed due to the increasing complexity of this issue and proposed a new integrated multidisciplinary model to combat the dynamic nature of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases (Parkes et al. 2005). The diversity of monkey species and their behavioral ecology, the pathogens to which they are susceptible, and the number of potential interfaces for transmission, both intra- and interspecies, demands the integration of disparate disciplines to address this “Grand Challenge.” The first step to disentangling this complexity, and suggesting a way forward, is to examine the complex and dynamic role of monkeys in the ec
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