Monozygotic dichorionic-diamniotic pregnancies following single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer: a retrospective case
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Monozygotic dichorionic-diamniotic pregnancies following single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer: a retrospective case series He Li1*† , Tingting Shen1† and Xiaoxi Sun1,2
Abstract Background: The primary aim of the study is to report cases of monozygotic dichorionic-diamniotic (DC-DA) pregnancies after single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. Methods: This is a retrospective case series. All single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles performed between June 2013 and December 2018 at the Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, were reviewed retrospectively. We included frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles which clinical pregnancy was confirmed with multiple gestational sacs showed on ultrasonography at around 6 to 7 weeks of gestation. We then conducted an in-depth analysis to further exclude cases which contained newborns of different genders or natural FET cycles. Results: Five thousand four hundred fifteen frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles were preformed between June 2013 and December 2018 at the Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Of these, fourteen women underwent a single blastocyst transfer and then achieved clinical pregnancy with an ultrasound diagnosis of multi-chorionic pregnancy. With one natural cycle FET excluded, we finally included thirteen single blastocyst transfer cycles performed in downregulated controlled FET or hormone replacement FET, in which the possibility of concurrently spontaneous pregnancy was extremely small. These included 13 cases reveal the phenomenon of monozygotic DC-DA twinning after single blastocyst transfer, which challenges the classical theory that only monochorionic pregnancy could happen after 3 days of fertilization. Conclusion: This case series suggest that single blastocyst transfer could result DC-DA pregnancies during IVF treatment. Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology, Monozygotic dichorionic-diamniotic twinning, Single blastocyst transfer
* Correspondence: [email protected] He Li and Tingting Shen should be regarded as joint First Authors. 1 Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intend
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