Morpho-physiological Effects and Molecular Mode of Action of Mepiquat Chloride Application in Cotton: A Review
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REVIEW
Morpho-physiological Effects and Molecular Mode of Action of Mepiquat Chloride Application in Cotton: A Review Shahbaz Atta Tung 1 & Ying Huang 1 & Abdul Hafeez 1 & Saif Ali 1 & Anda Liu 1 & Muhammad Sohaib Chattha 1 & Shoaib Ahmad 1 & Guozheng Yang 1 Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 9 June 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Mepiquat chloride (MC) (1,1-dimethylpiperidinum chloride) is a plant growth regulator, usually sprayed on cotton foliage at different growth stages as a practical tool for cotton management. MC foliar applications reduce plant height, leaf area, node distance, and plant canopy but increase light interception within the canopy that leads to increase yields. Application at squaring stage reduces the partitioning of photoassimilates towards main stem, branches, and growing points but increases partitioning to the reproductive organs. Furthermore, MC application increases the net photosynthesis rate in cotton leaves as compared with control and triggers carbohydrate formation by improved source-sink relationship. Disturbed carbohydrate metabolism could affect the activity of sucrose metabolic enzymes resulted in variable yield responses. More precisely, it retards the vegetative growth by inhibiting the activity of gibberellin involved in cell elongation, which inhibits the signaling pathways and disturbs gibberellin homeostasis by upregulation of site-specific genes that ultimately results in keeping the plant stature shorter. Besides this, it enhances the yield due to raised boll setting on the lower branches by manipulating a compact canopy. This review will focus on cotton morphology and yield responses to MC application that have been published in last decades. Various physiological mechanisms such as carbohydrate metabolism and sucrose-related enzymes as well as its molecular mode of action in cotton have also been discussed. Further research is needed to exploit the role of MC specifically in gibberellin inhibition and carbohydrate metabolism with its related enzymes. Keywords Cotton . Mepiquat chloride . Morpho-physiological response . Molecular approach . Yield
Abbreviations MC Mepiquat chloride PGRs Plant growth regulators GA Gibberellin Pn Net photosynthesis Rubisco Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase SPS Sucrose phosphate synthase SS Sucrose synthase SAI Soluble acid invertase NI Neutral invertase UDPG Uridine diphosphate glucose a.i Active ingredient * Guozheng Yang [email protected] 1
MOA Key Laboratory of Crop-Eco physiology and Farming System in the middle reaches of Yangtze River Valley, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
1 Introduction Cotton is a most significant fiber and commercial crop globally. It is usually grown for commercial purposes to get high returns by marketing high-quality fiber. Many countries produce cotton with India as the leading cotton producer followed by China, USA, Brazil, and Pakistan (USDA-United States Departmen
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