Morphological analysis of three-dimensionally reconstructed frontal sinuses from Chinese Han population using computed t
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Morphological analysis of three-dimensionally reconstructed frontal sinuses from Chinese Han population using computed tomography Huan Zhao 1 & Yuan Li 1,2 & Hui Xue 3 & Zhen Hua Deng 2 & Wei Bo Liang 1
&
Lin Zhang 1
Received: 5 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The uniqueness and reliability of frontal sinuses for personal identification have gained wide recognition in forensics. However, few studies have assessed the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) model of the frontal sinus for human identification. This study aimed to develop standardized techniques to classify the frontal sinus according to its 3D morphological metrics and discover the usefulness of the 3D frontal sinus model in identification of Chinese Han population. One hundred and ninety-six computed tomography (CT) scans of patients older than 20 years (84 males and 112 females) were collected. A 3D frontal sinus digital model was segmented using Dolphin Imaging software. The following morphological metrics of the 3D frontal sinus were used to develop the coding system: bilateral or unilateral, spatial relationships of the two sides, number of septations, superior volume side, the shape of the 3D model of each side, shape of the medial surface and frontal ostium on each side, number of accessory septations on each side, number of supra-orbital cells of the medial surface and lateral surface on each side, and number of the arcades on each side. The new coding system accurately identified all of our research individuals. This study discovered a number of individual variations in the 3D frontal sinus morphology patterns. A coding system, which is based on these morphological patterns, exposes the morphological variants of frontal sinuses and presents the usefulness of 3D frontal sinus model for human identification. Keywords Frontal sinus . Personal identification . CT scan . 3D segmentation
Introduction The frontal sinus is one of several paranasal sinuses of the cranium. It is located in the frontal bone and is fully grown in humans by about 19 years old [1, 2]. Frontal sinuses display high anatomical variations in terms of size and shape and are Huan Zhao and Yuan Li contributed equally to this work. * Wei Bo Liang [email protected] * Lin Zhang [email protected] 1
Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 3, 17 South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
easily visualized using X-rays and computed tomography (CT) [3]. These features make frontal sinuses ideal structures for the personal identification of human remains in ca
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