Morphological and molecular evidence supports the occurrence of a single species of Zebrias zebrinus along the coastal w
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Morphological and molecular evidence supports the occurrence of a single species of Zebrias zebrinus along the coastal waters of China WANG Zhongming1,2,4, KONG Xiaoyu1*, HUANG Liangmin1, WANG Shuying1,4, SHI Wei1, KANG Bin3 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Marine Biodiversity Collection of South China Sea, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316100, China 3 Asian International Rivers Center, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received 11 November 2012; accepted 28 May 2013 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract The so-called zebra sole includes a group of small flatfishes characterized by transverse band pairs on the ocular side and distributed throughout shallow waters along the coast of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Several species of the zebra sole have been recorded from the coastal waters of China. Morphological analysis of 1 107 specimens of the zebra sole from 15 successive localities along the China’s coast demonstrated that no significant variations among these localities were found on the basis of meristic counts and morphometric characters. Phylogenetic analysis based on COI gene sequences of 14 individuals and D-loop of 22 individuals from eight localities showed that they were indistinguishable among these localities. Therefore, both morphological and molecular evidence supported the occurrence of a single species of the zebra sole along the China’s coast. The available name for this species is Zebrias zebrinus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) instead of Z. zebra (Bloch, 1787). Zebrias fasciatus (Basilewsky, 1855) and Solea ommatura (Richardson, 1846) are considered here as two synonyms of Z. zebrinus. Key words: Zebrias, zebra sole, China’s coast, morphological and molecular evidence, species validity, synonyms Citation: Wang Zhongming, Kong Xiaoyu, Huang Liangmin, Wang Shuying, Shi Wei, Kang Bin. 2014. Morphological and molecular evidence supports the occurrence of a single species of Zebrias zebrinus along the coastal waters of China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, doi: 10.1007/s13131-014-0457-y
1 Introduction The genus Zebrias belongs to the family Soleidae of the Pleuronectiformes, and includes a group of species characterized by a combination of the following characters: eyes and color on the right side, with black transverse bands more or less arranged in pairs; pectoral fin of the blind side rudimentary or wanting, dorsal and anal fins confluent with caudal fin; teeth minute, only present on blind side or absent (Jordan and Starks, 1906; Cheng and Chang, 1965). A total of 22 nominal species have been described and included in Zebrias (Bloch, 1787; Richardson, 1846; Temminck and Schlegel, 1846; Basilewsky, 1855; Kaup, 1858; B
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