Morphophysiological responses, bioaccumulation and tolerance of Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) to excess co
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Morphophysiological responses, bioaccumulation and tolerance of Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) to excess copper under in vitro conditions João Paulo Rodrigues Martins1,2 · Leandro Lopes de Vasconcelos2 · Priscila da Conceição de Souza Braga1 · Franciele Pereira Rossini2 · Lorenzo Toscano Conde2 · Luiz Carlos de Almeida Rodrigues3 · Antelmo Ralph Falqueto1 · Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo2 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Copper (Cu) is an essential metal and both its deficiency and excess has negative effects on the growth and physiology of plants. Some plant species can tolerate high Cu concentrations due to their anatomical and physiological strategies. These plants can avoid absorption or accumulate this element in their biomass. Thus, the aim was to analyze the anatomical and physiological changes of Alternanthera tenella in response to excess Cu under in vitro conditions. A. tenella plants, previ‑ ously established in vitro, were transferred to culture media containing 0, 25, 50, 100 or 200 µM Cu. At 30 days of culture, the stem and leaf anatomy, contents of photosynthetic pigments mineral nutrients, chlorophyll fluorescence, and, growth were analyzed. The excess Cu induced lower biomass accumulation. Plants also presented a decline in cell sizes of stem and leaf tissues under high Cu concentrations. Greater formation of druse crystals and lower number of active reaction centers (RC/ CSM) were observed with 200 μM Cu. The Cu treatments modulated the contents of mineral nutrients and photosynthetic pigments of the plants. Plants cultured in media with Cu absence or excess (200 μM Cu) presented partial inhibition of electron transport and photochemical activity of photosystem II. Even though A. tenella plants showed clear signs of stress under Cu excess, they also have a strong capacity for Cu bioaccumulation and tolerance. A. tenella plants can be used for phytoremediation or bioindication due to their tolerance and high Cu bioaccumulation capacity. Key message Copper can modulate the morphophysiology of A. tenella under in vitro conditions. A. tenella can be used for phytoremedia‑ tion or bioindication due to its tolerance and high copper bioaccumulation capacity. Keywords Heavy metal · Phytoremediation · Plant anatomy · Plant physiology · Plant tissue culture
Introduction Communicated by M. Paula Watt. * João Paulo Rodrigues Martins [email protected] 1
Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES 29932‑540, Brazil
2
Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES 29932‑540, Brazil
3
Federal University of Alfenas, Centro, Alfenas, MG 37130‑001, Brazil
Soils can contain mineral imbalances that lead to a hazard‑ ous excess. These imbalances usually result from anthropic actions, especially those related to mining, particulate emis‑ sions, disposal or leakage of industrial waste and the use of pesti
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