Mosquito counting system based on optical sensing
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Mosquito counting system based on optical sensing Jinlei Wang1 · Shiming Zhu1 · Yueyu Lin1 · Sune Svanberg1,2 · Guangyu Zhao1 Received: 11 May 2019 / Accepted: 29 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Mosquitos, sometimes carrying deadly diseases such as malaria, zika, and dengue fever, cause much concern. To control mosquitos, it is important to effectively monitor their presence and behavioral trends. We have constructed two optical sensing systems for insects based on light attenuation and light backscattering, respectively. The systems, which were tested with the potentially dangerous Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens, were able to extract the wing-beat frequency, when they passed impinging light, derived from light-emitting diodes. We could achieve distinction between the sexes of A. albopictus and C. pipiens based on the wing-beat frequency. Finally, we propose a statistical method suitable for the system to improve the accuracy of counting.
1 Introduction Mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals in the world. It is well known that about 200 million people will be infected with malaria every year and kill at least 500,000 people following bites from female Anopheles mosquitos [1–3]. These amazing numbers are increasingly catching worldwide attention. Pesticides are used as counter-measures and anti-malarial drugs are formulated. However, with the mosquitoes developing resistance to pesticides as well as to drugs, the situation becomes aggravated. In addition to malaria, mosquitoes carry about 100 other diseases, such as dengue fever [4, 5], zika, and yellow fever [6]. According to statistics, about 800,000 people are annually killed by mosquito-borne diseases. Therefore, effective monitoring of the type and distribution of mosquitoes is very important to reduce the harm caused by these dangerous disease vectors. People are often interrupted by mosquito interference, at work and at rest, and can, with sufficient attention accurately,
* Sune Svanberg [email protected] Guangyu Zhao guangyu.zhao@coer‑scnu.org 1
Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, University City Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China
Department of Physics, Lund University, SE 221 00 Lund, Sweden
2
identify the number and type of mosquitoes through vision and hearing. The eye acquires the structural characteristics of the mosquito, while the ear recognizes the sound of the wing beats. In the same way, insects can be captured by cameras and microphones. Electronic recordings are inspired by human recognition, as employed in the following two approaches:
1.1 Image tracking Images of insects are recorded at different angles by a camera followed by identification based on the characteristics features [7–9]. This method not only requires a high acquisition speed of the camera to quickly acquire insect images in flight, but also requires sufficient contrast of the background [10, 11]. Using infrared radiation in the recordings, the ins
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