Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau
Intense uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in Late Cenozoic Era is one of the most important events in geological history of the Earth. The plateau offers an ideal region for studying of lithospheric formation and evolution, probing into the mechanism of crust
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The GeoJournal Library Volume 57
Managing Editors: Herman van der Wusten, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Olga Gritsai, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Former Series Editor: Wolf Tietze, Helmstedt, Germany
Editorial Board:
Paul Claval, France R.G. Crane, U.S.A. Yehuda Gradus, Israel Risto Laulajainen, Sweden Gerd LOttig, Germany Walther Manshard, Germany Osamu Nishikawa, Japan Peter Tyson, South Africa
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau editedby
DUZHENG QINGSONG ZHANG and
SHAOHONGWU Institute о( Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy о' Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-94-010-3800-3 ISBN 978-94-010-0965-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0965-2
Printed on acid-free paper
Cover illustration: Photo taken bij Zheng Du. Published by the State Survey Bureau 1989 at a scale of 1:2.5 million.
AII Rights Reserved © 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1si edilion 2000 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS Foreword Preface
ix xi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 A Unique Geographic Unit.. 1 1.2 Basic Geo-Ecological Features 3 1.3 Retrospect of Scientific Expeditions 6 1.4 Main Progress in Studies of Tibetan Plateau 10 1.5 Framework of the Book 13 References 15 Chapter 2 Uplift and Environmental Changes of the Tibetan Plateau 19 2.1 Tectonic Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau 20 2.2 Uplift Processes of the Tibetan Plateau ,,24 2.3 Quaternary Glacial Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau 28 2.4 Lake Evolution 32 2.5 Climatic and Environmental Changes in Holocene Age 38 References 42 Chapter 3 Three Dimensional Differentiation of Natural Zonation 47 3.1 Comparative Studies on the Altitudinal Belt 47 3.2 Some Unique Geo-Ecological Phenomena 51 3.3 Physical Regional Differentiation 56 3.4 Physic-Geographical Regional System 60 References 66 Chapter 4 The Population Changes and Urban Development 71 4.1 Evolution of Administative Regionalization 71 4.2 Historical Population Change 71 4.3 Population Growth Since 1951 72 4.4 Main Reasons of Rapid Population Growth 74 4.5 Nationality Structure 78 4.6 The Restrict Resources and the Threat of Over-Population 79 4.7 Population Quality and Education 82 4.8 Religion and Monk Population 84 4.9 Urbanization 85 References 87 Chapter 5 Climate: Past, Present, and Future 89 5.1 Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and Monsoon System 89 5.2 Climatic Change during the Historical Periods 93 5.3 Tibetan Plateau as Heat Source and Sink 105 5.4 Moisture Transportati
