Movement of boron from ulexite and colemanite minerals in sapwood and heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Movement of boron from ulexite and colemanite minerals in sapwood and heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica Saip Nami Kartal1 · Evren Terzi1 · Aysel Kanturk Figen2 · Tsuyoshi Yoshimura3
Received: 31 July 2018 / Accepted: 24 December 2018 © Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract This study evaluated boron diffusion from raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility in comparison to disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT). Tests were conducted using sugi (Cryptomeria japonica (L.) f. D. Don) sapwood and heartwood blocks conditioned to 30, 60, and 90% target moisture content. The blocks were filled with the boron compounds through treatment holes and diffusion was observed at three assay zones across the blocks after 7, 30, 60 or 90-day incubation period at room temperatures. For comparison, ethylene glycol was also introduced into the holes to elevate boron diffusion. As expected, diffusion increased with increased moisture content and levels were higher at the 60% and 90% moisture levels compared to the 30% level. With some exceptions, boron levels did not follow consistent gradients with distance away from the treatment hole. Incorporation of ethylene glycol helped increase boron levels, even in heartwood Project funding: The work was supported by the The Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University (Project No: 20947). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu. * Saip Nami Kartal [email protected] 1
Department of Forest Biology and Wood Protection Technology Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34473 Bahcekoy, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry‑Metallurgical, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Esenler, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
3
Laboratory of Innovative Humano‑Habitability, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‑0011, Japan
blocks. Boron levels were higher from the ulexite source than from colemanite; however, DOT treatments resulted in the highest boron diffusion rates as a result of greater water solubility compared to both raw boron minerals. The results suggest that ulexite together with ethylene glycol may be useful in both sapwood and heartwood materials when kept at high moisture levels for extended periods. Keywords Boron · Remedial · Ulexite · Colemanite · DOT · Distribution · Sapwood · Heartwood
Introduction Both internal and external application methods to control decay fungi and wood-destroying insects in wood structures are available as remedial treatments and diffusible preservatives. Diffusible preservatives vary in terms of movement, penetration, speed, and efficacy due to their physical and chemical structures, concentration, and moisture content of the wood, diffusion direction into the wood (radial, tangential, axial), presence of refractory heartwood portions, temperature, duration, and treatment method. Remedial treatments aim to distribute pro
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