Moving toward green mobility: overview and analysis of electric vehicle selection, Pakistan a case in point
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Moving toward green mobility: overview and analysis of electric vehicle selection, Pakistan a case in point Abdul Haseeb Khan Babar1 · Yousaf Ali1 · Amin Ullah Khan1 Received: 30 December 2019 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Environmental concerns are on the rise around the world, as carbon emissions are increasing rapidly and which is one of the leading causes of global warming. These emissions come from different sectors but the biggest contribution comes from the transport sector. As countermeasures, countries are shifting toward electric vehicles, which are much greener modes of transportation. Currently, different types of electric vehicles are available in the market. The selection of a viable type of electric vehicle for a developing country like Pakistan needs proper evaluation. In this study, two techniques are used. Firstly, fuzzy Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) approach is used for the selection of a suitable vehicle for the future market of Pakistan. Secondly, fuzzy linear programming is used to check the viability of electric vehicles in the current market scenario. Using these techniques, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is selected as the most advantageous vehicle for Pakistan’s future market and the hybrid electric vehicle comes out as the best alternative for the current market. The techniques and the case study of Pakistan are the main novelty of this study, as no literature exists on electric vehicles with these methods on Pakistan’s perspective. Based on the results, different recommendations are given to the policymakers of Pakistan. The recommended policies could make electric vehicles a prime competitor to the combustion vehicles in the current and future markets. Keywords Electric mobility · Fuzzy SWOT · Fuzzy linear programming · Green transport · Market analysis · Pakistan Abbreviations EV Electric Vehicle CO2 Carbon Dioxide EU European Union * Yousaf Ali [email protected] Abdul Haseeb Khan Babar [email protected] Amin Ullah Khan [email protected] 1
Department of Management Science and Humanities, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
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WW2 World War Two CO Carbon Monoxide MCDM Multi-Criteria Decision Making GSM Grand Strategy Matrix LP Linear Programming CPEC China Pakistan Economic Corridor SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
1 Introduction The population of the world is growing at a rate of 1.08 percent per year and as a result of this growth, new customers are entering the market. Due to these new customers and their need for mobility, there is an ever-increasing demand for cars and all other sorts of vehicles like motorbikes, vans, buses, and trucks. This increase in population generates a pool of new customers and thus increases the demand for vehicles accordingly (Gan et al. 2019). All the vehicles that are operated today, extensively use various forms of fossil fuels for their operat
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