MRI-induced artifact by a cochlear implant with a novel magnet system: an experimental cadaver study
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OTOLOGY
MRI‑induced artifact by a cochlear implant with a novel magnet system: an experimental cadaver study Pietro Canzi1 · Federico Aprile1 · Anna Simoncelli2 · Marco Manfrin1 · Marianna Magnetto1 · Elvis Lafe2 · Domenico Minervini1 · Irene Avato3,4 · Simone Terrani5 · Andrea Scribante3 · Dzemal Gazibegovic6 · Marco Benazzo1 Received: 2 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purposes To primarily evaluate MRI-induced effects for Ultra 3D cochlear implantation in human cadavers in terms of artifact generation and MR image quality. Methods Three human cadaveric heads were submitted to imaging after unilateral and bilateral cochlear implantation. The 1.5 T MR examination protocol was chosen in accordance with our institutional protocol for the assessment of brain pathology. The maximal signal void size was measured according to each sequence and plane. Two experienced neuro-radiologists and one experienced otoneurosurgeon independently evaluated the MR image quality findings. A 4-point scale was used to describe the diagnostic usefulness of 14 brain structures. Results Shape and size of the artifacts were found to be highly related to MRI sequences and acquisition planes. MRI sequences and processing algorithms affected the ability to assess anatomical visibility. Image quality appeared either high or assessable for diagnostic purposes in 9 out of 14 of the ipsilateral structures, in at least one plane. Anatomical structures contralateral to the cochlear implant were highly visible in all conditions. Artifact intrusion clearly improved after application of metal artifact-reduction techniques. In the case of bilateral cochlear implant, a mutual interaction between the two implant magnets produced an additional artifact. Conclusions We performed the first cadaver study aimed at systematically evaluating the MRI-induced artifacts produced by a cochlear implant with a novel four bar magnet system. Specific brain structures can be assessable for diagnostic purposes under 1.5 T MRI, with the cochlear implant magnet in place. Keywords Cochlear implant · Artifacts · Magnetic resonance imaging · Cadaver · Ultra 3D
Introduction * Pietro Canzi [email protected] 1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico “San Matteo”, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
3
Department of Clinical‑Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
4
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
5
Clinical Application Specialist MR/ISP, Philips, The Netherlands
6
AB GmbH, European Research Centre ERC, Hannover, Germany
The first prototypes of cochlear implants (CIs) appeared no more than 60 years ago and since then, this technology has become a part of common clinical practice, offering perspectives to better life for people suffering from
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