Mucus provisioning behavior in teleost fishes: a novel model system for the evolution of secretory provisioning in verte
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REVIEW
Mucus provisioning behavior in teleost fishes: a novel model system for the evolution of secretory provisioning in vertebrates Shun Satoh1 · Will Sowersby1 Received: 3 February 2020 / Revised: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2020
Abstract Across teleost fishes, a wide range of parental care strategies have been observed. However, despite this large variation in parental care behaviors, postnatal nutritional provisioning has rarely been documented in fishes. In other taxa, anecdotal evidence suggests that nutritional provisioning of offspring via mucus secretion by parents may occur, although this phenomenon has received little attention from evolutionary biologists, especially in fishes. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the intra- and interspecific differences, functions, and the costs and benefits of provisioning behaviors that have potentially evolved independently in different teleost clades. Furthermore, we review and discuss within an ecological and evolutionary context, the anecdotal reports and limited available empirical evidence that shows support for mucus provisioning in teleost fishes. Keywords Parental investment · Parental care · Food provisioning · Mucophagy · Mucus feeding
Introduction The neonatal period plays a disproportionate role in determining an individual’s fitness (Clutton-Brock 1991). To increase the chances of survival during this vulnerable period, many animals have evolved parental care strategies (Clutton-Brock 1991; Royle et al. 2012). One common example of parental care is food provisioning (Clutton-Brock 1991; Balshine 2012; Smiseth et al. 2012), which, in one of its most simplest forms, involves parents providing some of the food they have secured during foraging directly to offspring (Walters 1984). However, more elaborate forms of food provisioning have evolved, such as lactation in mammals (Clutton-Brock 1991), unfertilized egg provisioning in poison-dart frogs (Brust 1993), specialized skin provisioning by female caecilian amphibians (Kupfer et al. 2006), and crop milk in some birds (Vandeputte-Poma 1980). These Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00785-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shun Satoh [email protected] 1
Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
more specialized forms of food provisioning are generally taxon specific, and tend to be the dominant form of food provisioning with clades (e.g., lactation in mammals and food delivery in birds: Clutton-Brock 1991; Balshine 2012; Smiseth et al. 2012). Yet, there are instances of comparable strategies arising across divergent taxonomic groups that provide independent points of comparison (Balshine 2012), which is critically important for understanding the evolution of food-provisioning strategies. Across the vertebrate taxa, parental care strategies are m
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