Multi-scale Characterization and Modelling of Human Cortical Bone
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Multi-scale Characterization and Modelling of Human Cortical Bone. Marie-Christine Ho Ba Tho1, Claude Stolz2, Maximilien Vanleene1, Sabine Bensamoun1, Jean-Marc Treutenaere3, Christian Rey4 1 Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Génie Biomédical, CNRS UMR 6600, Université de Technologie de Compiègne BP 20529, 60200, Compiègne, France 2 Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, CNRS, UMR 7649, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France 3 Polyclinique St Côme, Service de Radiologie, Compiègne, France 4 CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, 31200 Toulouse, France ABSTRACT Mechanical properties of cortical human bone have been investigated for more than over three decades. The objectives of the present study were 1) to investigate the influence of multiscale structural characteristics of the bone tissue on its mechanical behavior and 2) to perform a micro-macro numerical modelling based on the experimental data. It should be noted that variations of the osteon lamellae elastic properties are higher (40%) at the microstructural level [1] than those found at the macroscopic level (about 15%) [2] for measurements performed in the same anatomical direction. Physico-chemical analyses found that organic components were found to be higher for femurs exhibiting lower mechanical properties. There is a consistency between changes observed at the different levels. These results contribute to a basic understanding of the multiscale mechanical behavior of human cortical bone. INTRODUCTION Mechanical properties of human bone have been assessed for more than two decades at different levels (organ, tissue). Experimental techniques were based on wave propagation analysis, conventional mechanical testing. Moreover, different levels of investigation requires different techniques. According to our knowledge no multiscale measurements had been assessed in order to quantify the relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical behaviour of human cortical bone. Numerous mathematical models exist at different levels from ultra-micro-macro but most of them used literature data which may not be reliable due to discrepancies, and the mathematical concepts are not valid by the experimental data. In the present study, we perform a micro-macro model based on variational approaches based on our experimental data. Such studies are of importance for the assessment of the impact of bone pathologies and their treatments on skeletal functionality and on the understanding of the mechanisms of cortical bone genesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Three human femurs (F1, F2, F3) were obtained from University Hospital of Amiens. These femurs exhibiting different density reflecting significant alteration of structural properties. Two type of samples were obtained, cross section of typical thickness of 2mm and parallelepiped
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specimen of typical size of 5x4x13mm3. Apparent densities me of the parallelepiped samples were defined by the ratio between the weight and the volume. The volume of the samples was obtained with a
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