Multimarker approach to assess the exposure of the wild rodent Calomys laucha to a simulated crude oil spill
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Multimarker approach to assess the exposure of the wild rodent Calomys laucha to a simulated crude oil spill Krissia Aparecida de Almeida 1 & Edariane Menestrino Garcia 1 & Julia Oliveira Penteado 1,2 & Ronan Adler Tavella 1,2 & Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes 1,2 & Paula Florencio Ramires 1,2 & Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior 3 & Ana Luíza Muccillo-Baisch 1,2 & Maria da Luz Mathias 4 & Deodália Dias 4 & Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Siva Júnior 1,2 Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A mysterious oil spill occurred in the ocean near Brazil in 2019, which affected coastal areas in northeastern Brazil. When oil pollution occurs in coastal zones, organisms such as small mammals can suffer deleterious effects to their health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to contaminated sandy soil with different crude oil concentrations in males of the species Calomys laucha. The exposure to crude oil resulted in multiple health issues for the subjects in the very first days of exposure. Furthermore, the exposure resulted in mutagenic damage to bone marrow blood cells and behavioral and morphological alterations, which were almost always in a dose-dependent form. The present study demonstrates the sensibility of the biomarkers used and highlights that small wild mammals such as C. laucha are useful for predicting environmental damage caused by the exposure to crude oil. Keywords Calomys laucha . Physiological damage . Mutagenicity . Mammals . Environmental pollution
Introduction In 2019, a mysterious crude oil spill occurred that affected more than 9000 km2 of the Brazilian coast. Thousands of tons of crude oil residue began to wash up on Brazil’s northeast seaboard in late August, which contaminated hundreds of Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10673-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Siva Júnior [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
2
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
3
Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
4
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
beaches, estuaries, reefs, and mangroves (Escobar 2019). Of all the problems caused by excess pollution in the marine environment, one of the most important is the contamination caused by crude oil and its derivatives (Simonato et al. 2008). Concern about studying the trajectory of oil spills along the water column has increased because of recent accidents related to
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