Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications
Traditional Pattern Recognition (PR) and Computer Vision (CV) technologies have mainly focused on full automation, even though full automation often proves elusive or unnatural in many applications, where the technology is expected to assist rather than r
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Dr. Lakhmi C. Jain Adjunct Professor University of Canberra ACT 2601 Australia And University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia SA 5095 Australia E-mail: [email protected]
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Angel D. Sappa and Jordi Vitri`a
Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications
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Authors Dr. Angel D. Sappa Computer Vision Center Edifici O Campus UAB Barcelona Spain
Dr. Jordi Vitri`a Departament de Matem`atica Aplicada i An`alisi Facultat de Matem`atiques Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
ISSN 1868-4394 e-ISSN 1868-4408 ISBN 978-3-642-35931-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-35932-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35932-3 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012955291 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Traditional Pattern Recognition (PR) and Computer Vision (CV) technologies have mainly focused on full automation, even though full automation often proves elusive or unnatural in many applications, where the technology is expected to assist rather than replace the human agents. However, not all the problems can be automatically solved being the human interaction the only way to tackle those applications. Re