Multimodal Polymers with Supported Catalysts Design and Production
This book provides an overview of polyolefine production, including several recent breakthrough innovations in the fields of catalysis, process technology, and materials design. The industrial development of polymers is an extraordinary example of multidi
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modal Polymers with Supported Catalysts Design and Production
Multimodal Polymers with Supported Catalysts
Alexandra Romina Albunia • Floran Prades Dusan Jeremic Editors
Multimodal Polymers with Supported Catalysts Design and Production
Editors Alexandra Romina Albunia Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Linz, Austria
Floran Prades Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Linz, Austria
Dusan Jeremic Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Linz, Austria
ISBN 978-3-030-03474-0 ISBN 978-3-030-03476-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03476-4
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018966813 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Overview of Polyolefins - Role of Polyolefins in Our Daily Lives
Polyethylene, or, more accurately, low-density polyethylene, LDPE, was the first synthetic polyolefin discovered in the early 1930s by the ICI scientists Gibson and Fawcett [1]. The highly branched thermoplastic material, a pure hydrocarbon, found its application immediately after the discovery. It remains one of the most significant synthetic materials ever used. LDPE is produced under a high-pressure process in bulk ethylene under 2000–3500 bar pressure and at temperatures that are above 200 C. Polymerisation under these conditions is initiated by free radicals, which are products of thermal decomposition of added peroxides. The discovery of the catalytic polymerisation processes in the early 1950s, Ziegler catalyst by Ziegler et al. [2] and chromium catalyst by two independent groups at Standard Oil and Phillips Petroleum [3], presented a steep change in the availability of polyethylene. The sheer fact that the catalytic process operates at pressures that are two orders of magnitude lower
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