Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis An Integrated Approach
The field of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA), also termed multiple criteria decision aid, or multiple criteria decision making (MCDM), has developed rapidly over the past quarter century and in the process a number of divergent schools of thoug
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MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS An I ntegrated Approach
VALERIE BELTON University of Strathclyde Glasgow. Scotland
THEODOR J STEWART
University of Cape Town South Africa
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Belton, Valerie. Multiple criteria decision analysis : an integrated approach / Valerie Belton, Theodor J. Stewart. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-5582-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-1495-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1495-4
1. Multiple criteria decision making. 1. Stewart, Theodor J. II. Title. T57.95 .B45 2001 658.4'03--dc21 2001038764 Copyright © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 AII rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, Of transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Permission for books pubIished in Europe: [email protected] Pcrmissions for books publishcd in the Unitcd States of America: [email protected]
Printed an acid-free paper.
To our parents Mona and Harold Phillips Margaretha and Jack Stewart who provided us with opportunities to study not available to themselves
Contents
List of Figures List of Tables List of Example Panels Preface Acknow ledgments 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 What Is MCDA? 1.2 What Can We Expect from MCDA? 1.3 The Process of MCDA 1.4 Outline of the Book 2. THE 2.1 2.2 2.3
MULTIPLE CRITERIA PROBLEM Introduction Case Examples Classifying MCDM Problems
3. PROBLEM STRUCTURING 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Where does MCDA start? 3.3 Problem Structuring Methods 3.4 From Problem Structuring to Model Building 3.5 Case Examples Re-visited 3.6 Concluding Comments 4. PREFERENCE MODELLING 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Value Measurement Theory 4.3 Utility Theory: Coping with Uncertainty 4.4 Satisficing and Aspiration Levels 4.5 Outranking
Xl
xiii xv xvii xix
1 1 2 5 8 13 13
16 31 35 35 36
39 52
64 77 79 79 85 95
104 106
MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS
Vlll
4.6 4.7 4.8
Fuzzy and Rough Sets Relative Importance of Criteria Final Comments
111 114 117
5. VALUE FUNCTION METHODS: PRACTICAL BASICS 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Eliciting Scores (Intra-Criterion Information) 5.3 Direct Rating of Alternatives by Pairwise Comparisons 5.4 Eliciting Weights (Inter-Criterion Information) 5.5 Synthesising Information 5.6 Sensitivity and Robustness Analysis 5.7 The Analytic Hierarchy Process 5.8 Concluding Comments
119 119 121 132 134 143 148 151 159
6. VALUE FUNCTION METHODS: INDIRECT AND INTERACTIVE 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Use of Ordinal and Imprecise Preference Information 6.3 Holistic Assessments and Inverse Preferences 6.4 Interactive Methods based on Value F
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