Multiscale-Multiphysics Modeling of Radiation-Damaged Materials: Embrittlement of Pressure-Vessel Steels
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Multiscale-
Multiphysics Modeling of Radiation-Damaged Materials: Embrittlement of Pressure-Vessel Steels
G.R. Odette, B.D. Wirth, D.J. Bacon, and N.M. Ghoniem
Introduction and Background Radiation damage, and its attendant effect on a wide spectrum of materials properties, is a central issue in many advanced technologies ranging from ion-beam processing to the development of fusion power. Indeed, the various challenges presented by irradiation effects are too numerous to discuss in this brief article. However, the overarching fundamental objective of multiscale-multiphysics (MSMP) radiation effects modeling can be clearly stated: it is predicting the generation, transport, fate, and consequences of all defect species created by irradiation. Multiscale radiationeffects models are naturally hierarchical, establishing linkages upward from faster, more local processes and feedback downward from slower, larger-scale evolutions. The practical objective is to develop both improved materials performance and improved lifetime predictions based on relating property changes to the combination of a large number of material and irradiation variables. Models synthesize experimental
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information, ranging from laboratorybased mechanism studies to real-world surveillance data, and more reliably extrapolate beyond a limited and imperfect database. Pertinent processes encompass the atomic nucleus (1015 m) all the way to structuralcomponent length scales (10 m), spanning more than 15 orders of magnitude. Time scales span more than 21 orders of magnitude, from the interaction time of neutron-atom collisions (
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