Municipal solid waste management and landfilling technologies: a review
- PDF / 2,236,376 Bytes
- 24 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 65 Downloads / 352 Views
REVIEW
Municipal solid waste management and landfilling technologies: a review Sonil Nanda1 · Franco Berruti1 Received: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The USA, China and India are the top three producers of municipal solid waste. The composition of solid wastes varies with income: low-to-middle-income population generates mainly organic wastes, whereas high-income population produces more waste paper, metals and glasses. Management of municipal solid waste includes recycling, incineration, waste-to-energy conversion, composting or landfilling. Landfilling for solid waste disposal is preferred in many municipalities globally. Landfill sites act as ecological reactors where wastes undergo physical, chemical and biological transformations. Hence, critical factors for sustainable landfilling are landfill liners, the thickness of the soil cover, leachate collection, landfill gas recovery and flaring facilities. Here, we review the impact of landfill conditions such as construction, geometry, weather, temperature, moisture, pH, biodegradable matter and hydrogeological parameters on the generation of landfill gases and leachate. Bioreactor landfills appear as the next-generation sanitary landfills, because they augment solid waste stabilization in a time-efficient manner, as a result of controlled recirculation of leachate and gases. We discuss volume reduction, resource recovery, valorization of dumped wastes, environmental protection and site reclamation toward urban development. We present the classifications and engineered iterations of landfills, operations, mechanisms and mining. Keywords Municipal solid waste · Bioreactor landfill · Landfill leachate · Landfill gas · Landfill mining Abbreviations CO2 Carbon dioxide CO Carbon monoxide $/toe Dollars per tonne of oil equivalent $/ton Dollars per tonnes FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GJ Gigajoules HID Global Hughes identification devices H2 Hydrogen H2S Hydrogen sulfide kcal/kg Kilocalorie per kilogram kg/capita/day Kilogram per capita per day kg Kilogram km Kilometer * Sonil Nanda [email protected] * Franco Berruti [email protected] 1
Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
kWh/m3 Kilowatt hour per cubic meter kWh Kilowatt hour MW Megawatt M Meter CH4 Methane mg/L Milligram per liter mV Millivolts MSW Municipal solid waste N2 Nitrogen OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development O2 Oxygen Pa Pascal PAYT Pay as you throw % Percentage pH Potential of hydrogen t.km Tonne-kilometer tonnes/day Tonnes per day USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency vol.% Volume percent wt% Weight percent
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Introduction The high consumption rates for energy and goods matched with the escalating population growth and high standards of living lead to the high levels of the municipal solid waste genera
Data Loading...
