Nano-Bio-Sensing

Nano-Bio-Sensing edited by: Sandro Carrara With Foreword by Giovanni De Micheli The application of engineering principles to problems in medicine has led to the emergence of biomedical circuits and systems as an exciting and rapidly growing area of resear

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Sandro Carrara Editor

Nano-Bio-Sensing Foreword by Giovanni De Micheli

Editor Sandro Carrara EPFL Lausanne Switzerland [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4419-6168-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6169-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6169-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938597 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)

Foreword

Much of our economy and way of living will be affected by nanotechnologies in the decade to come and beyond. Mastering materials at the molecular level and their interaction with living matter opens up unforeseeable horizons. Still much of the potentials of nano-biotechnology is untapped. Although we understand most basic principles of molecular interaction, the transformation of scientific results into robust technologies that can support health care and environment protection has still to take place. In other words, we are at the verge of a technological revolution that will bring to us a multitude of bio-electronic devices that interact with biological systems through intelligent – and possibly distributed – means of computation. The recent strong interest about cyber-physical systems is motivated by this trend. This book reviews the principles and practice of nano-bio-sensing. It covers extensively the basic principles of interaction of living matters with detectors and the transduction principles. It reviews surface science as well as electrical and optical technologies for bio-sensing. Nano-scale effects, inducing quantum confinement, are specifically addressed along with their benefits, such as the amplification of sensing phenomena, yielding devices with higher sensitivity. Specific importance is given to low-power sensing techniques, as well as nonconventional means for powering the sensors, which may be very useful for implanted biosensors. Moreover, fault-tolerant bio-sensing systems are described. Overall, various physical, chemical, and electrical effects contribute jointly to enable the construction of a new generation of nano-bio-sensors. The importance of this research field should not be underestimated. The healthcare sector will soon be able to benefit from real-time sensors – in the body and on the body – that can pred