Nano Monitors for Identification of Vulnerable Cardio-vascular Plaque
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Nano Monitors for Identification of Vulnerable Cardio-vascular Plaque Shalini Prasad1, Thomas Barrett2, and John Carruthers3 1 ECE, Portland State University, 160-11, FAB 1900 SW 4th ave, Portland, OR, 97201 2 Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97209 3 Physics, Portland State University, Portland, 97201 Nano Monitors for Identification of Protein Biomarkers
Abstract: We describe highly sensitive, non–invasive, label-free, electrical deection of protein biomarkers using nanoporous alumina membrane based electrochemical conductance based devices. The principle of operation of these sensors are based on electrochemical conductance varitions associated with the binding of antibody-antigen complexes to a metallic substrate.In these devices distinct pore clusters are selectively surface functionalized with specific antibodies, that are in turn are incorporated into micro scale arrays. Protein markers were routinely detected at nanomolar concentrations. This opens the potential for developing highly sensitive and selective biomarker detection assays in clinically relevant samples for diagnosis of complex disease state like vulnerable coronary plaque rupture that results in poor post surgical outcomes and other complex diseases. Keywords: Protein biomarkers, electrical detection, nanoporous membranes 1. Introduction Research in the field of proteomics has resulted in the identification of many new biomarkers that have the potential to greatly improve disease diagnosis (Sander, 2000, Etzioni et al., 2001). The availability of multiple biomarkers is believed to be especially important in the diagnosis of perioperative conditions such as the presence of vulnerable plaque (Suzuki et al., 1997, Sufeji et al., 2002) for which disease heterogeneity makes tests of single markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), inadequate. Detection of a wide range of markers are expected to, however, provide the information necessary for robust diagnosis of disease in any person with a perioperative condition within a population (Abeloff et al., 2001). Moreover, detection of markers associated with different stages of disease pathogenesis could further facilitate early detection. Wide spectrum application of protein biomarkers as indicators of heterogeneous disease identification will ultimately depend upon the development of techniques that allow rapid, multiplexed detection of many markers with high selectivity and sensitivity. This goal has not been attained with any existing method, including the gold standard in proteomics namely enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Ward et al., 2001), a common clinical approach for protein marker detection, nanoparticles (Alivisatos et al., 2004), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (Chou et al., 2004), microcantilevers (Wu et al., 2001) and carbon nanotubes (Chen et al., 2003) In this paper we present a non–invasive, label free, rapid detection of protein biomarkers indicative of vulnerable plaque in the perioperative state with sensitivity in
the nanomolar range. The prin
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