Nano-Rods Structured Cerium Oxide Platform for Cholesterol Biosensor
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Nano‑Rods Structured Cerium Oxide Platform for Cholesterol Biosensor Ta Thi Nhat Anh1,2 · Le Thi Tam1 · Vu Van Thu4 · Anh‑Tuan Le3,5 · Vuong‑Pham Hung1 · Phuong Dinh Tam3,5 Received: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study presents a cholesterol biosensor that uses cerium oxide nanorods (CeO2-NRs) as a platform for cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) attachment. The properties of the synthesized C eO2-NRs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ChOx/CeO2-NR-modified electrode response displayed a high sensitivity of 85.8 μA mM−1 cm−2 over a linear detection range between 1 and 6.5 mM of cholesterol concentration and a limit of detection of approximately 0.68 mM. Optimal parameters, including pH value, temperature, and amount of ChOx, as well as the reproducibility, specificity, and stability of the ChOx/CeO2-NR-modified electrode, were also investigated. Keywords CeO2 nanorod · Cholesterol · Enzymatic · Electrochemical · Biosensor
1 Introduction Serum cholesterol testing is crucial in the diagnosis of heart diseases, diabetes, nephrosis, and obstructive jaundice [1]. A blood cholesterol amount below 200 mg/dL is generally considered good for adults [2], and levels more than 240 mg/dL are considered to be risky for high cholesterol [3–5]. Cholesterol levels have been determined using different approaches, such as high-performance liquid chromatography [6, 7], colorimetry [8], radioactive labeling [9], and near-infrared (IR) * Vuong‑Pham Hung [email protected] * Phuong Dinh Tam [email protected]; tam.phuongdinh@phenikaa‑uni.edu.vn 1
Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
Vinh Phuc Technology Economic College, No. 10 Hung Vuong Road, Vinhyen, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam
3
Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
4
Faculty of Occupational Safety and Health, Trade Union University, Hanoi, Vietnam
5
Phenikaa University Nano Institute, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
spectroscopy [10]. However, these approaches are relatively expensive, sophisticated, time consuming in operation, and require large amounts of serum samples [11]. Therefore, investigating a rapid, robust, and sensitive method for cholesterol detection is necessary. Electrochemical cholesterol detection has received more attention than conventional analytical methods due to its low cost, simplicity, selectivity, fast response time, stability, and ease of fabrication [12, 13]. Many electrochemical biosensors have been recently developed to detect cholesterol levels [14–19]. Huang et al. [16] studied a biosensor using a carbon electrode deposited with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to determine cholesterol concentration. The biosensor had a linear detection range of 5.0–5000 μg/mL and a limit of detection
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