Nanofibrous polystyrene membranes prepared through solution blow spinning with an airbrush and the facile application in
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Nanofibrous polystyrene membranes prepared through solution blow spinning with an airbrush and the facile application in oil recovery Xiaohui Zhang1 · Ju Lv1 · Xueqiong Yin1,3 · Zhiming Li1 · Qiang Lin2 · Li Zhu1 Received: 19 January 2017 / Accepted: 25 March 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Polystyrene (PS) dissolved in dichloromethane was spun to prepare the nanofibrous polystyrene membranes (NPS) through solution blow spinning with a commercialized airbrush. The influences of spinning conditions on the membrane morphology, density, and porosity were investigated. Through varying the PS concentration (8%, 9%, 10%), gas pressure (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 MPa), and acceptance distance (10, 12, 15, 18 cm), NPS with diameters of 200–1400 nm were prepared. The membranes had high porosity of 83.9%, and super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic surface. The oil absorbency to motor oil, peanut oil, diesel oil, and heavy oil was 29.35, 27.27, 21.81, and 22.80 g/g, respectively, while that of the commercialized nonwoven polypropylene was 9.34, 9.17, 7.09, and 7.79 g/g, respectively. NPS could separate oil from water surface in several seconds. It was easy to prepare the membrane in situ on the surface of an oil/water mixture and remove the oil while peeling off the membrane, indicating NPS is potential as oil recovery material in large-area oil pollution environment.
1 Introduction With the increasing application of oil resources, more and more concerns are paid to the environment pollution caused by factory waste oil and spilled oil [1–4]. In the treatment methods of oil pollution, physical absorption with oil absorbents has the advantages of fast absorption, high efficiency, pollution-free, low cost, etc. [5–7]. Many materials, such as polypropylene (PP), polyurethane foam, rubber materials, kapok, wool, zeolite, and expanded graphite, have been used to absorb oil [8]. However, there are some obvious shortcomings for most of the materials, such as low-oil absorption capacity, poor selectivity, low buoyancy, low hydrophobicity, and difficult recycling. To address these shortcomings, new oil-absorbing materials, such as synthetic sponge, * Xueqiong Yin [email protected] 1
Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58th Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
porous 3D PLLA materials, recycled cellulose aerogels coated with methyltrimethoxysilane, and Fe3O4/polystyrene [9–11], have been prepared. The most common oil absorbent on the market is melt blown nonwoven PP. However, the biodegradability of PP is low and it is easy to cause secondary pollution after application. Nanofibrous membranes have many advantages, such as high surface area, high porosit
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