Nanooptics
Nanooptics deals with optical near fields, the electromagnetic fields that mediate the interaction between nanometric particles located in close proximity to each other. The projection-operator method is a theoretical description of how a virtual exciton–
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Nanooptics
15. Nanooptics
15.1 Basics .................................................. 1079 15.2 Nanophotonics Principles ...................... 1080 15.3 Nanophotonic Devices ........................... 1082 15.4 Nanophotonic Fabrications.................... 1085 15.4.1 Photochemical Vapor Deposition .... 1085 15.4.2 Photolithography ......................... 1086 15.4.3 Self-Organized Deposition and Nanoimprinting..................... 1086 15.5 Extension to Related Science and Technology .................................... 1088 15.6 Summary ............................................. 1088 References .................................................. 1089
conventional propagating light is used. As evidence of such qualitative innovation, this chapter describes novel nanophotonic devices, nanophotonic fabrication, nanophotonic systems, and extensions related to science.
15.1 Basics Nanooptics deals with the light generated in or on nanometer-sized particles. It has been applied to open an innovative field of technology, i. e., nanophotonics, in order to develop novel photonic devices, fabrications, and systems, as proposed by Ohtsu [15.1]. Nanophotonics is a means, for example, to reduce the size of photonic devices, improve the resolution of optical fabrications, and increase the storage density of optical disk memories. Considering photonic devices, the technologies listed below, which bear some relation to nanophotonics, have recently been developed. Nevertheless, they cannot reduce the size of these devices beyond the diffraction limit of light. 1. Photonic crystal [15.2] This is a filter device used to control optical interference and light scattering by installing a subwavelength-sized periodic
structure in the device material, as is the case for a diffraction grating. Constructive interference between the scattered light takes place at the center of the material, concentrating the optical energy. In contrast, at the edge of the material, the scattered light interferes destructively. In order to maintain the destructive interference, the rim must be sufficiently larger than the wavelength of light; otherwise the constructive interference is not maintained, and light concentrated at the center leaks to the rim. This means that a photonic crystal involves conventional wave-optical technology and the minimum size of the device is limited by diffraction. 2. Plasmonics [15.3] This technology utilizes the resonant enhancement of the light in a metal by exciting free electrons. The optical energy can be concentrated as a plasmon on the metal surface as a result
Part D 15
Nanooptics deals with optical near fields, the electromagnetic fields that mediate the interaction between nanometric particles located in close proximity to each other. The projection-operator method is a theoretical description of how a virtual exciton–polariton is exchanged between these particles, corresponding to the nonresonant interaction. The optical near field mediates this interaction, and is represented by a Yukawa function, w
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