Nanoparticle technology and its implications in endodontics: a review
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REVIEW
Open Access
Nanoparticle technology and its implications in endodontics: a review Natasha Raura , Anirudh Garg , Arpit Arora
and M. Roma*
Abstract Background: The era of Nanomaterials has had a long lasting impression in the field of medical science. It’s excellent use in medicine has led to its application in dental science. Serious concerns regarding the eradication of microbial biofilms from the root canal system still exists in the field of endodontics. Nanoparticles have proven to be much more efficient with good bonding capabilities and surface chemistry as compared to the conventional materials. The practical applications of nanotechnology in endodontics has led to future prospects in research in this field. Main body: Nanoparticles in endodontics have shown promising results. The various nanoaprticles like graphene, silver nanoparticles, chitosan, hydroxyapaptite nanoparticles, Iron compound, zirconia, Poly (lactic) co-glycolic acid, bioactive glass, mesoporous calcium silicate, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Magnesium, Calcium oxide and Copper oxide have been discussed. These nanoparticles have fetched and shown great results in various application in endodontics like incorporation of nanoparticles in selaers, obturating materials, irrigation, and intracanal medicament. Conclusion: The application of nanoparticles from natural and synthetic materials is rapidly evolving in dentistry. These biomaterials have helped in treatment of oral diseases, in eradication of smear layer and biofilms, have been incorporated in various dental materials for their antimicrobial effects. Combining all their beneficial aspects, these nanoparticles will provide new paradigm shift in dentistry. This review on nanoparticles will provide the reader with the latest knowledge of these materials, their mechanism of action and its implications in endodontics. Keywords: Antibacterial, Dentistry, Nanoparticles, Nanodentistry, Endodontics
Introduction Majority of microorganisms are inhabitants of the oral cavity [1]. Endodontic disease is a biofilm facilitated infection, and the fundamental objective in its treatment is the removal of these biofilms from the endodontic canals. Biofilms have been defined as ‘aggregates of microorganisms in which cells are frequently embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are adherent to each other and/or a surface [2]. Various studies have been performed that focused on antibacterial means to remove this problem, but most of the studies were unsuccessful in achieving desired results because of * Correspondence: [email protected] Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
the rapid release and degradation of antibacterial agents leading to inefficiency and safety alarms [3, 4]. To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional antibacterial agents and to achieve promising results in endodontics, antimicrobial nanoparticles offering numerous advantages like large surface-area-to-volum
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