Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure A Paradigm Shift
Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure is a state-of-the art reference source describing the latest developments in nano-engineering and nano-modification of construction materials to improve the bulk properties, development of sustainable, intelligent, a
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Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan, Bjorn Birgisson, Peter Taylor, and Nii O. Attoh-Okine (Eds.)
Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure A Paradigm Shift
ABC
Editors Prof. Dr. Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Iowa State University 353 Town Ames, IA 50011 USA E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Peter C. Taylor National Center for Concrete Pavement Technology (CP Tech Center) Iowa State University 353 Town, Ames, IA 50011 USA E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Bjorn Birgisson Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Kungl Tekniska Högskolan SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Nii O. Attoh-Okine Associate Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA E-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-16656-3
e-ISBN 978-3-642-16657-0
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-16657-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2011922618 c 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data supplied by the authors Cover Design: Scientific Publishing Services Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Preface
Nanotechnology was conceived with a vision to advance our understanding and control of matter at nanoscale toward national economic benefit, national and homeland security, and improved quality of life. It enables changes at the molecular level to optimize material behavior and performance of civil infrastructure systems such as buildings and highways at the macro-functional level. The resulting nano-modified high-performance construction materials and systems are characterized by higher strength, greater durability, increased speed of construction, and reduced environmental impact. Recent advances made in the development and characterization of nanotechnology based high-performance, sustainable, “designer” civil engineering materials, smart structures, and systems forms the motivation for bringing out this timely book. Each chapter in this book has been peer-reviewed by at least two anonymous referees to assure the highest quality. A brief description of each chapter follows. The chapter entitled “Multifunctional and Smart Carbon Nanotu
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