Narrow bandwidth fiber-optic spectral combs for renewable hydrogen detection
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. RESEARCH PAPER .
December 2020, Vol. 63 222401:1–222401:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3058-2
Narrow bandwidth fiber-optic spectral combs for renewable hydrogen detection Shunshuo CAI1† , Fu LIU2† , Runlin WANG1 , Yongguang XIAO1 , Kaiwei LI1 , Christophe CAUCHETEUR3 & Tuan GUO1* 1
Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; 2 Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada; Electromagnetism and Telecommunications Department, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
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Received 21 May 2020/Revised 27 July 2020/Accepted 3 September 2020/Published online 12 November 2020
Abstract Hydrogen sensors are of great importance to detect leakage in time because the hydrogen-air mixture is highly flammable. Based on optical fiber-based configurations reported so far, using palladium coating only does not meet stringent performance targets, such as fast response time and limited deactivation caused by poisoning. Here, a palladium-gold alloy-coated optical fiber hydrogen sensor, i.e., highly tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG), was proposed by using its narrow bandwidth cladding modes whose effective refractive index (ERI) extends to 1.0 where the gas measurement is possible, which led to faster specific hydrogen measurement response time (a shorter stabilization time during the association and dissociation phases less than 20 s and 30 s, respectively) and improved deactivation resistance (higher than 99% per test cycle). Meanwhile, the temperature cross-sensitivity can be eliminated via referencing the “target” spectral combs to the core mode. We are sure that this promising configuration extends research directions for rapid, repeatable and high deactivation-resistance in hydrogen gas detection. Keywords fiber-optic sensing probe, tilted fiber Bragg grating, hydrogen measurement, palladium-gold alloy nanocoating Citation Cai S S, Liu F, Wang R L, et al. Narrow bandwidth fiber-optic spectral combs for renewable hydrogen detection. Sci China Inf Sci, 2020, 63(12): 222401, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3058-2
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Introduction
Considering as one of the promising candidates for renewable alternatives [1], hydrogen is acting as a clean energy carrier taking merits of high energy-density, carbon-free, and pollution-free [2–4]. However, any leaks in hydrogen must be detected immediately for all related systems due to safety reasons (highly flammable for hydrogen-air mixture). In contrast with other method solving these challenging targets, the hydrogen sensors using optical fiber-based configuration have been widely investigated [5, 6], which are attractive for its inherent features such as corrosion resistance, immunity to electromagnetic waves (or radiation), and the ability to work remotely [7–11]. The key point is that the optical signal generates no sparks during sensing, comparing to that of the electrical signal. Mostly, the highly hydrogen-selective metal is integrated into the sensing system by absorbing the hydrogen molecule into interstitials of metal
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