Natural control of plant pathogens through glucosinolates: an effective strategy against fungi and oomycetes
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Natural control of plant pathogens through glucosinolates: an effective strategy against fungi and oomycetes Jorge Poveda
. Daniel Eugui . Pablo Velasco
Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Modern agriculture, consisting of extensive monocultures, requires the use of new environmentally sustainable strategies in order to combat the diseases that affect crops, such as fungi and oomycetes. These diseases have a significant impact on the main food-chain crops. Starting from the plant’s own chemical diversity for defense, glucosinolates (GSLs), which are secondary metabolites present in the tissues of plants belonging to the order Brassicales, have been widely related to the plant’s defensive capacity against various pests and diseases. The antimicrobial capacity of GSLs and/or their hydrolysis products (GHPs), such as isothiocyanates (ITCs), has been extensively tested on human pathogens, food-contaminating microorganisms and plant pathogens, in this last case, thanks to biofumigating the fields with plant tissues of the Brassica genus. In this sense, the natural pesticidal
Jorge Poveda and Daniel Eugui have contributed equally to this work. J. Poveda Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain J. Poveda P. Velasco (&) Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Department of Plant Genetics, Misio´n Biolo´gica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain e-mail: [email protected] D. Eugui Blue Agro Bioscience, Noain, Navarra, Spain
effect of various GSLs and GHPs against various fungal and oomycete pathogens has been proven, both at the field level as well as in planta and in vitro, thus showing to be a good strategy for controlling plant diseases in the field or opening the door to the use of these metabolites as natural biocides. Keywords Glucosinolates Brassica Isothiocyanates Fusarium Phytophthora
Introduction Modern agricultural ecosystems are highly conducive for the dissemination of pathogens due to their composition with genetically uniform populations of crop plants grown at a high density (McDonald and Stukenbrock 2016). In this sense, there is now an increasing pressure to develop low-input and more sustainable agricultural practices that include alternatives to chemicals for controlling pests and diseases, a major factor for heavy losses in agricultural production (Ab Rahman et al. 2018). The fungal kingdom comprises some of the most devastating plant pathogens (Mo¨ller and Stukenbrock 2017), being these pathogens one of the major threats for crop cultivation. As an example, fungal diseases cause yield losses ranging from 10 to 35% to the four major crops meant for human feeding: rice, wheat, maize and soya bean
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(Godfray et al. 2016). On the other hand, oomycetes are descendants of algal-like microorganisms, having a natural predisposition to parasitism. They have very specialized adaptations, whi
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