Natural Products for Surface Water Coagulation: an Alternative Sustainable Solution for Rural Areas
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RESEARCH PAPER
Natural Products for Surface Water Coagulation: an Alternative Sustainable Solution for Rural Areas Emad S. Elmolla1,2 · Walid Hamdy3 · Sohier Mansour3 · Mina Boktor3 Received: 5 March 2020 / Revised: 17 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 © University of Tehran 2020
Abstract This research aims at process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) for coagulation of surface water by coagulants extracted from natural product. Apricot seeds extract (ASE), peach seeds extract (PSE) and mango seeds extract (MSE) were evaluated. The optimum operating conditions for ASE and PSE at initial turbidity of 27.5 NTU were pH 7 and coagulant dose of 45 mg/l. However, the optimum operating conditions for MSE at initial turbidity of 27.5 NTU were pH 5.5 and MSE dose of 45 mg/l. Under the optimum conditions, residual turbidity without filtration was 9.13, 10.3, 5.81 NTU for ASE, PSE and MSE, respectively. MSE could be used as secondary coagulant with the alum. At low turbidity surface water treatment, ratios of 20/80, 40/60 and 60/40 MSE/alum achieved residual turbidity of less than 1 NTU which comply with the Egyptian Standards. However, at medium turbidity surface water, ratio of 20/80 MSE/alum achieved residual turbidity of less than 1 NTU. Article Highlights • This research aims at process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) for coagulation of surface
water by coagulants extracted from natural products.
• Apricot seeds extract (ASE), peach seeds extract (PSE) and mango seeds extract (MSE) were evaluated as low cost
natural coagulants for surface water treatment.
• Under the optimum conditions, residual turbidity without filtration were 9.13, 10.3, 5.81 NTU for ASE, PSE and
MSE, respectively.
• MSE could be used as secondary coagulant with the alum. At low turbidity surface water treatment, ratios of 20/80,
40/60 and 60/40 MSE/alum achieved residual t urbidity of less than 1 NTU which comply with the local Standards.
Keywords Apricot · Coagulants · Mango · Peach · RSM · Water treatment
Introduction
* Emad S. Elmolla [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Environmental Engineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
2
Deptartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
3
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering‑Mataria, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
Conventional surface water treatment mainly consists of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection processes (Mingquan et al. 2008). In the conventional surface water treatment, coagulant is required in the coagulation and flocculation processes for colloidal particles destabilization and formation of rapid settleable flocs (Šćiban et al. 2009). Coagulants could be classified into metal salts (e.g., aluminum and ferric salts) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) (Yang et al. 2010). Neurological effects due to the presence of aluminu
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