Natural radionuclides 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 210 Pb and 210 Po and inorganic chemical elements determined in mineral waters fro
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Natural radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb and 210Po and inorganic chemical elements determined in mineral waters from Águas de Contendas and Lambari, Brazil Denise S. M. Wakasugi1,3 · Sandra R. Damatto1,3 · João C. Ulrich2,3 Received: 13 December 2019 / Published online: 14 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Natural radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb and 210Po activity concentrations and the inorganic chemical composition were determined in radioactive mineral water springs from the Water Parks of Águas de Contendas and Lambari, located in the Water Circuit of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Radionuclides were determined by gross alpha and beta measurements and alpha spectrometry, and the chemical elements by ICP-OES. Among the radionuclides analyzed, the highest activity concentrations obtained were for 226Ra and 228Ra and the chemical elements Ca, Fe and Na presented higher values of concentrations. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis was performed to verify the correlation between natural radionuclides and the chemical elements. Keywords Mineral water · Natural radionuclides · Inorganic chemical elements · Alpha spectrometry · ICP-OES · Water circuit
Introduction Many studies are conducted in regions of high natural radioactivity to verify the possible biological effects on human health due to prolonged exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, by the incorporation of natural radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th series, of relatively long half-lives. In some places, the levels of 238U and 232Th present in soil and in mineral deposits are high and, through physical and chemical dissolution and leaching mechanisms promote the passage of these radionuclides to the groundwater, from where they can emerge with a considerable activity in mineral waters [1–3].
* Sandra R. Damatto [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Radiometria Ambiental/Centro de Metrologia das Radiações – LRA/CMR, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Análises Química e Ambiental/Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente - LAQA/CQMA, São Paulo, Brazil
3
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN - SP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP 05508‑000, Brazil
The origin of the chemical elements present in the mineral waters is associated both to the natural environment and to the activities related to the use of the soil. In the case of the natural origin, the exogenous factors, like the geophysical and climatic aspects, along with the endogenous factors such as the lithology, the structure of the rocks and the water flow system, for example, determine the composition of the minerals that are specific to each aquifer system; this occurs because when water percolate into the soil and rock substrate to reach the aquifer, it carries the chemical components that make up these structures. Therefore, the composition of the soil and the rock substrate will determine which elements can be found in these waters and the flow of water percolation will help to determine the quantities of the
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