Near-Field Characterization of Micro/Nano-Scaled Fluid Flows
The near-field – the region within 100 nm from a solid interface - is an exciting arena in which several important multi-scale transport phenomena are physically characterized, such as flow mixing and drag, heat and mass transfer, near-wall behavior of na
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Series Editors Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Merzkirch Brockhauserstr. 66 44797 Bochum Germany Prof. Donald Rockwell Lehigh University Dept. Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics 19 Memorial Drive W. BETHLEHEM PA 18015 USA Prof. Cameron Tropea TU Darmstadt FB 16 Maschinenbau FG Str¨ omungslehre und Aerodynamik Petersenstr. 30 64287 Darmstadt Germany
Kenneth D. Kihm
Near-Field Characterization of Micro/Nano-Scaled Fluid Flows
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Author Prof. Kenneth D. Kihm The University of Tennessee Dept. Mechanical, Aerospace & Biomedical Engineering Perkins Hall 313 Dougherty 407 37996-2210 Knoxville Tennessee USA E-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-20425-8
e-ISBN 978-3-642-20426-5
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20426-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2011925384 c 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typeset & Cover Design: Scientific Publishing Services Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India. Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Preface
Microscopy and fluid mechanics may sound like an odd combination. This statement may have been true before the vast opening of the new research areas associated with micro- and submicro-scale fluidics. Now, however, microscopic imaging characterization has become one of the most essential tools in studying microfluidics and nanofluidics. Furthermore, the near-field fluidics phenomena that occur within the range of a few hundred nanometers from a solid interface have received unprecedented attention from diverse disciplinary areas. The importance of nearfield fluidics has been widely recognized, spanning from the frictional drag of submerged objects to the binding of probe DNAs with target DNAs. The main scope of this monograph is to provide a knowledge base for those who plan to learn and develop microscopic tools in order to characterize near-field transport phenomena themselves. This book begins with discussions on the five feasible definitions of “nearfield” in Chapter 1. The following five chapters present the working principles of five different microscopic imaging techniques and their example applications for near-field characterizations: Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRM) in Chapter 2; Optical Serial Sectioning Microscopy (OSSM) in Chapter 3; Confo
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