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National Map Accuracy Standard Photogrammetric Products
National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) J ULIE B INDER M AITRA Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), Reston, VA, USA Synonyms NSDI Definition The NSDI is defined as the “technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data” in Office of Management and the Budget (OMB) Circular A-16 (revised 2002), Coordination of Geographic Information, and Related Spatial Data Activities http:// www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a016/a016_rev.html (accessed December 4, 2006). Historical Background This historical background recounts the efforts by the FGDC to develop the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in the United States. However, the concepts of the NSDI are scaleable to the local, regional, and global levels and may be applied to other countries. Two documents set policies for development of the NSDI: (1) Executive Order 12906: Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure and (2) OMB Circular A-16. Executive Order 12906, signed by President Bill Clinton on April 11, 1994, launched the initiative to create the NSDI. President George W. Bush amended Executive Order 12906 by issuance of Executive Order 13286 on March 5, 2003. Executive Order 12906/13286 defines
NSDI and calls for the development of the NSDI through creation of the National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse, development of geospatial data standards, implementation of a National Digital Geospatial Data Framework, and partnerships for data acquisition with State, local, and tribal governments, the private sector, and other nonfederal organizations. OMB Circular A-16 (revised 2002) affirms the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) as the “technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data.” It provides direction to Federal agencies that produce, maintain, or use spatial data, either directly or indirectly in the fulfillment of their mission. It describes the effective and economical use and management of geospatial data assets for the benefit of the government and the nation and management and reporting requirements in the acquisition, maintenance, distribution, use, and preservation of spatial data by the Federal Government. Geospatial One-Stop, which is one of 24 E-Government initiatives sponsored by OMB to enhance government efficiency and to improve citizen services, was established to accelerate the development of the NSDI. Through Geospatial One Stop, a web portal (geodata.gov) was launched to serve as a single point of access to geospatial data and services. The Geospatial One Stop portal enables data sharing in order to maximize geospatial investments to leverage resources and reduce redundancies. The Geospatial Line of Business (Geospatial LoB) Presidential Initiative builds on Geospatial One-Stop by identifying opportunities for optim
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