Neo-Environmental Determinism Geographical Critiques
“This book provides a unique, cogent, engaging account of environmental determinism that has long been much needed in the classroom and beyond.”-- Andrew Sluyter, Associate Professor, Louisiana State University, USA This book pulls together major critique
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William B. Meyer • Dylan M.T. Guss
Neo-Environmental Determinism Geographical Critiques
William B. Meyer Colgate University Hamilton, USA
Dylan M.T. Guss New York, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-54231-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54232-4
ISBN 978-3-319-54232-4 (eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017935970 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration © John Rawsterne/patternhead.com Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Chris Esposito, Alex Pustelnyk, and Andrew Sluyter for helpful comments on a draft of this book and Rachael Ballard and Chloe Fitzsimmons for their editorial guidance.
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CONTENTS
1 Introduction
1
2 Environmental Determinism: What Is It?
5
3 Environmental Determinism: What Was It? Notes
15 28
4 Environment as Determinant vs. Environment as Irrelevant? A False Dichotomy and an Alternative
29
5 Neo-Environmental Determinism 5.1 Nature as Container 5.2 Environment and Prehistory 5.3 “Geography” and Development 5.4 Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel 5.5 “Reducing the Future to Climate” Notes
39 44 51 61 79 86 95
6 Conclusion: “‘Geography’ versus Institutions”? Note
97 100
References
101
Index
113 vii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Abstract Outsiders to the field have often supposed that geography, as a discipline uniting social and earth-science components, would be particularly inclined toward theories of environmental or geographical determinism that use the environmental setting to explain characteristics of people and societies. At one time, geographers did indeed espouse that approach, but they are much likelier now
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