Neural and Behavioral Correlates Associated with Adolescent Marijuana Use
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TOPICAL COLLECTION ON ADOLESCENT/YOUNG ADULT ADDICTIONS (M HEITZEG, SECTION EDITOR)
Neural and Behavioral Correlates Associated with Adolescent Marijuana Use Punitha Subramaniam 1,2,3 & Deborah Yurgelun-Todd 1,2,3,4
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Marijuana (MJ) is one of the most commonly used drugs among adolescents. Exposure to MJ during adolescence can lead to alterations in brain development, and subsequently, to the behavioral correlates regulated by the affected brain regions. In this review, we discuss findings from preclinical and human studies examining the relationship between adolescent MJ use and the neurobiological and behavioral correlates associated with it. Recent Findings Current findings indicate that adolescent MJ use is associated with alterations in brain structure and function, especially in regions that express high levels of the cannabinoid 1 receptor such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and limbic regions. These alterations are correlated with changes in affective, cognitive, and reward-seeking behavior. Furthermore, evidence suggests that exposure to MJ during adolescence can have long-lasting and pronounced neural and behavioral effects into adulthood. Summary The wide-ranging neural and behavioral correlates associated with MJ use during adolescence highlight the need for further studies to better understand the potential risk factors and/or neurotoxic effects of adolescent MJ use. Keywords Marijuana . Adolescence . Neurodevelopment . Behavior . Cognitive . Affective
Introduction Marijuana (MJ) is one of the most commonly used illicit drugs in the general population and among adolescents. According This article is part of the Topical Collection on Adolescent/Young Adult Addictions * Punitha Subramaniam [email protected] Deborah Yurgelun-Todd [email protected] 1
Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
2
Diagnostic Neuroimaging Lab, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
3
Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
4
VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), in 2018, an estimated 43.5 million people reported current MJ use, out of which 14.9 million were adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12–25 years [1]. In addition, reports from the 2018 Monitoring the Future (MTF) study indicated that approximately 1 in 17 high school seniors use MJ on a daily basis [2]. Recent changes in policy surrounding the legalization of MJ for medical and/or recreational purposes in the USA have led to a lower perception of risk and increased acceptance of MJ use, especially among the adolescent population [3, 4]. Additionally, investigations into the impact of legalization of MJ use among adolescents have demonstrated an increase in reports of MJ abuse or de
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