Neuroanatomic and Functional Neuroimaging Findings
The search for brain morphology findings that could explain behavioral disorders has gone through a long path in the history of psychiatry. With the advance of brain imaging technology, studies have been able to identify brain morphology and neural circui
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Structural Neuroimaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies 2.1 Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI (sMRI) Findings in BD 2.2 Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Findings in BD 2.3 Longitudinal sMRI and DTI Findings 3 Functional Neuroimaging 3.1 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 3.2 Resting-State Functional MRI (rsfMRI) 4 Summary of Main Findings 5 Diagnostic Specificity of Neuroimaging Findings 5.1 Structural Neuroimaging and DTI Findings 5.2 Functional Neuroimaging Findings (PET, rs-fMRI) 5.3 Neuroimaging and Pattern Classification Methods and the Diagnosis of BD 6 Perspectives on the Role of Neuroimaging in the Management of BD Patients 6.1 Neuroimaging Studies and Bipolar Disorders Mood States 6.2 Neuroimaging Studies, Bipolar Disorders, and Pharmacological Treatment 6.3 Neuroimaging to Predict Pharmacological Treatment Response 6.4 Neuroimaging and Psychotherapy in Bipolar Disorders 7 Conclusions References
Abstract The search for brain morphology findings that could explain behavioral disorders has gone through a long path in the history of psychiatry. With the advance of brain imaging technology, studies have been able to identify brain morphology and neural circuits associated with the pathophysiology of mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorders (BD). Promising results have also shown the potential of neuroimaging findings in the identification of outcome predictors and response to treatment among patients with BD. In this chapter, we present brain imaging structural
A. P. Diaz (*), I. E. Bauer, M. Sanches, and J. C. Soares Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Curr Topics Behav Neurosci https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_174
A. P. Diaz et al.
and functional findings associated with BD, as well as their hypothesized relationship with the pathophysiological aspects of that condition and their potential clinical applications. Keywords Bipolar disorder · Diffusion tensor imaging · Functional neuroimaging · Magnetic resonance imaging
1 Introduction The search for brain morphology findings that could explain behavioral disorders has gone through a long path in the history of psychiatry. The German physician Theodor Meynert, one of the representatives of the so called “first biological psychiatry movement” in the nineteenth century, once said: “The study of human anatomy in its current form has passed from a solely descriptive science to something higher, to a form of knowledge that attempts to explain. . . The more psychiatry seeks, and finds, its scientific basis in a deep and finely grained understanding of the anatomical structure [of the brain], the more it elevates itself to the status of science that deals with causes” (Shorter 1997). Almost 130 years after his words, the psychiatric field has witnessed astonishing progress in the way we see the brain, both structurally and functionally, which has provi
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