Neuroendocrine (Aging Clock) Theory of Aging
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Ridges are one of the most common nail complaints. Ridges may result from a decrease in the levels of natural oils and moisture that are associated with aging; trauma to the nail bed or matrix (where the nail grows from); allergies to various agents, such as formaldehyde that is found in many polishes; psoriasis; and various illnesses. Although there is no cure for ridges, the condition can be somewhat alleviated through consistent care of the nails. Chipping or peeling of nails may result from dehydration, stress, allergies, poor circulation, and illness. Hangnails, which are pieces of the nail that have split on the sides and tear into the cuticle, occur frequently. This is often caused by trauma to the cuticle area or by improper trimming of the cuticles. Pterygium inversum unguis is described as the overgrowth of the skin under the nails‐free edge. This is not a serious condition and is common in women who wear artificial nail enhancements. These artificial enhancements trigger this condition, as the nail bed is not accustomed to the weight of the artificial product. There is a possibility that more serious nail disorders can develop that will require medical attention. Onychatrophia is the condition of weakening or wasting away of the nail plate, resulting from trauma or injury to the nail bed or matrix, or from a bacterial infection. This causes the nail to lose its shine, become smaller, and occasionally, fall off entirely. Beau’s lines are horizontal lines of darkened cells and linear depressions that run from the cuticle to the tip of the nail. Beau’s lines are usually caused by trauma, illness, malnutrition, major metabolic conditions, chemotherapy, or other damaging events. They are usually a result of any disruption in the protein formation of the nail plate. Tinea unguis is also known as ringworm of the nail. The main symptom of tinea unguis is a thickening of the nail along with a noticeable nail deformation. If not treated, it could result in nail plate loss. Onychauxis, or abnormally thick nails, are very common in older people. This condition may be caused by a number of things, such as injury, infection,
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008
poor blood supply, diabetes and heredity, or poor nutrition. Onychocryptosis is more commonly known as an ingrown nail. Although it usually occurs on the toes, it can also affect the fingernails. In some extreme cases, the ingrown nail will have to be removed. Pterygium refers to the growth of the cuticle down over the nail bed. In severe cases, the cuticle covers the entire nail. If this happens, one should have the skin removed only by a doctor, so as not to cause any infection. This can be prevented with regular manicures and maintenance of nails at home, by pushing back the cuticle with either a fingernail or an orangewood stick after the skin has been softened in warm water. Onychorrhexis, otherwise described as brittle or splitting nails, may be due to overexposure of nails to harmful chemicals, injury to the nail bed or matrix, overuse of product
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