Neuroimaging Schizophrenia: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words, but Is It Saying Anything Important?
- PDF / 229,293 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 78 Downloads / 221 Views
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (SJ SIEGEL, SECTION EDITOR)
Neuroimaging Schizophrenia: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words, but Is It Saying Anything Important? Anthony O. Ahmed & Peter F. Buckley & Mona Hanna
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Schizophrenia is characterized by neurostructural and neurofunctional aberrations that have now been demonstrated through neuroimaging research. The article reviews recent studies that have attempted to use neuroimaging to understand the relation between neurological abnormalities and aspects of the phenomenology of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies show that neurostructural and neurofunctional abnormalities are present in people with schizophrenia and their close relatives and may represent putative endophenotypes. Neuroimaging phenotypes predict the emergence of psychosis in individuals classified as high-risk. Neuroimaging studies have linked structural and functional abnormalities to symptoms; and progressive structural changes to clinical course and functional outcome. Neuroimaging has successfully indexed the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of schizophrenia treatments. Pictures can inform about aspects of the phenomenology of schizophrenia including etiology, onset, symptoms, clinical course, and treatment effects but this assertion is tempered by the scientific and practical limitations of neuroimaging. Keywords Neuroimaging . Schizophrenia . Psychosis . Imaging . Structural . Functional . Neuropathology . Endophenotype . Symptoms . Clinical course . Outcome . Neurocognition . Treatment . Psychiatry
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders A. O. Ahmed (*) : P. F. Buckley : M. Hanna Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Health Sciences University, 997 Saint Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction The advent of several neuroimaging technologies in the last three decades has allowed researchers to study in vivo, brain structure and function in people with schizophrenia and their unaffected relatives in comparison to unaffected individuals. Since Johnstone and colleagues [1] reported the first neuroimaging evidence of enlarged lateral ventricles and decreased cerebral volume in people with schizophrenia using computed tomography (CT) scans, several imaging techniques (Table 1) have elucidated the neuropathological basis of schizophrenia [2–4, 5•, 6–10, 11•, 12–29]. The ubiquitous structural and functional abnormalities (Table 2) have not only supported the neuropathological basis of schizophrenia but provided evidence of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathophysiological processes [30]. Despite advances in neuroimaging research, there remains uncertainty about the degree to which neuroimages advance critical knowledge about the phenomenology of schizophrenia and clinically-relevant information such as the emergence of symptoms, features, etiology, or its clinical course. Moreover, the neurological s
Data Loading...
