Neuroimaging, Software, and Communication The Social Code of Source

This book analyses the social contexts in which programmers design neuroimaging software used in brain studies. It shows that in the same way people engage in everyday communication, programmers are involved in a series of communicative processes to reali

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Neuroimaging, Software, and Communication

Edison Bicudo

Neuroimaging, Software, and Communication The Social Code of Source Code

Edison Bicudo School of Global Studies University of Sussex Brighton, UK Department of Sociology University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil

ISBN 978-981-13-7059-5 ISBN 978-981-13-7060-1  (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7060-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

The fish trap exists because of the fish; once you’ve gotten the fish, you can forget the trap […] Words exist because of meaning; once you’ve gotten the meaning, you can forget the words. Master Chuang-Tzu

Foreword

Dr. Bicudo’s book is a broad study of the social and political context of software in brain imaging. I think Bicudo is right to claim that his analysis is an instructive case, to help us think about role of software in science, and in society. A friend and colleague once told me that it used to be said, that the world runs on oil, but it is now truer to say, that the world runs on software. People write software, and they write in social and political contexts with social and political motivations. Contexts and motivations guide the software that is written, and our access to it. Software has a great influence on what we can do, and even how we can think, so we must consider these contexts and motivations, if we want to choose the kind of science we want to build, and the society we build it in. Programmers are not usually well equipped to reflect on these matters. As a programmer mysel